Ingabe ufuna ukugcina imoto yakho kagesi isebenza isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka?Nakhu okudingeka ukwenze

Uma uthenge enye yezimoto zikagesi ezihamba phambili, uyazi ukuthi ukugcina ibhethri layo liphilile yingxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi.Ukugcina ibhethri liphilile kusho ukuthi lingagcina amandla engeziwe, ahumusha ngokuqondile ibanga lokushayela.Ibhethri eliseqophelweni eliphezulu lizoba nempilo ende, libiza kakhulu uma unquma ukulithengisa, futhi ngeke lidinge ukushajwa kaningi.Ngamanye amazwi, kuyintshisekelo yabo bonke abanikazi be-EV ukwazi ukuthi amabhethri abo asebenza kanjani okufanele kwenziwe ukuze kugcinwe ibhethri yemoto yabo kagesi iphilile.

Lisebenza kanjani ibhethri lemoto kagesi?

Iibhethri ye-lithium-ionemotweni yakho ayifani neze nebhethri kunoma iyiphi inombolo yamadivayisi onawo njengamanje - kungaba ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, i-smartphone noma amabhethri e-AA angashajwa kabusha.Yize zizinkulu kakhulu, futhi ziza nentuthuko enkulu kakhulu noma ebiza kakhulu kumagajethi amancane ansuku zonke.

Iseli ngalinye lebhethri le-lithium-ion lakhiwe ngendlela efanayo, linezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene i-lithium ion ezikwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwazo.I-anode yebhethri iyingxenye eyodwa, kuyilapho i-cathode ikwesinye.Amandla wangempela aqoqwa ama-ion e-lithium, ahamba anqamule isihlukanisi kuye ngokuthi sinjani isimo sebhethri.

Lapho ishajwa, lawo ma-ion asuka ku-anode aye ku-cathode, futhi ngokuphambeneyo lapho ibhethri ishajwa.Ukusatshalaliswa kwama-ion kuxhumene ngqo nezinga lokushaja.Ibhethri elishajwe ngokugcwele lizoba nawo wonke ama-ion ohlangothini olulodwa lweseli, kuyilapho ibhethri eliphelile lizoba nawo kolunye.Inkokhelo engu-50% isho ukuthi zihlukene ngokulinganayo phakathi kwazo zombili, njalo njalo.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukunyakaza kwe-lithium ion ngaphakathi kwebhethri kubangela amanani amancane okucindezeleka.Ngaleso sizathu amabhethri e-lithium-ion agcina ewonakala phakathi neminyaka embalwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini enye oyenzayo.Kungesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ubuchwepheshe bebhethri yesimo esiqinile obusebenzayo bufunwa kakhulu.

Ibhethri lesibili lezimoto zikagesi nalo libalulekile

Izimoto zikagesi empeleni zihlanganisa amabhethri amabili.Ibhethri eliyinhloko ibhethri elikhulu le-lithium-ion elenza imoto ihambe, kuyilapho ibhethri lesibili libhekene nezinhlelo zikagesi ezine-voltage ephansi.Leli bhethri linika amandla izinto ezifana nezingidi zezicabha, iclimate control, ikhompyutha yemoto nokunye.Ngamanye amazwi, wonke amasistimu angathosa uma ezama ukudonsa amandla ku-voltage enezinombolo ezintathu ezikhiqizwe ibhethri elikhulu.

Ezimotweni eziningi zikagesi, leli bhethri liyibhethri elijwayelekile elingu-12V le-lead-acid ozolithola kunoma iyiphi enye imoto.Abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto, okubandakanya okuthandwa nguTesla, bebelokhu beguqukela kwezinye izindlela ze-lithium-ion, yize inhloso yokuphela iyafana.

Ngokuvamile awudingi ukuzikhathaza ngaleli bhethri.Uma izinto zingahambi kahle, njengoba zingenza kunoma iyiphi imoto esebenza ngophethiloli, ungakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ngokwakho.Hlola ukuthi ibhethri lifile yini, futhi lingavuswa ishaja edlayo noma ngokugxumagxuma, noma esimweni esibi kakhulu ulishintshele elisha.Ngokuvamile zibiza phakathi kuka-$45 no-$250, futhi zingatholakala kunoma isiphi isitolo esihle sezingxenye zezimoto.(qaphela ukuthi awukwazi ukweqa-ukuqala okuyinhloko kwe-EV

Ngakho uligcina kanjani ibhethri lemoto kagesi liphilile?
Ngokokuqala ngqa abanikazi be-EV, ithemba lokugcina ugesiibhethri lemotoesimweni esiphezulu kungase kubonakale kunzima.Phela, uma ibhethri liwohloka kangangokuba imoto ingasasebenziseki, okuwukuphela kwendlela elungiswayo ukuthenga imoto entsha - noma ukuchitha izinkulungwane zamaRandi ekuthengeni elinye ibhethri.Akukho okunye kwakho okuyinketho enhle kakhulu.

Ngenhlanhla ukugcina ibhethri lakho liphilile kulula, kudinga ukuqapha kancane kanye nomzamo omncane.Nakhu okudingeka ukwenze:

★Gcina ukushaja kwakho phakathi kuka-20% no-80% noma nini lapho kungenzeka

Enye yezinto okufanele wonke umnikazi we-EV ayikhumbule ukugcina ileveli yebhethri iphakathi kuka-20% no-80%.Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kubuyela kumakhenikha ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenza kanjani.Ngenxa yokuthi ama-ion e-lithium ahlala enyakaza ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ibhethri liba ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile - okuyinto engenakugwenywa.

Kodwa lokho kucindezeleka okubekezelelwa ibhethri ngokuvamile kubi kakhulu uma ama-ion amaningi kakhulu ohlangothini olulodwa lweseli noma olunye.Kulungile uma ushiya imoto yakho amahora ambalwa, noma ukuhlala ubusuku bonke ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa iqala ukuba inkinga uma uvamise ukushiya ibhethri ngaleyo ndlela isikhathi eside.

Iphoyinti eliphelele lebhalansi licishe libe ngu-50%, njengoba ama-ion ahlukaniswa ngokulinganayo nhlangothi zombili zebhethri.Kodwa njengoba lokho kungasebenzi, yilapho sithola khona umkhawulo wama-20-80%.Noma yini engaphezu kwalawo maphuzu futhi usengozini yokwanda kwengcindezi kubhethri.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukushajwa kabusha ibhethri lakho, noma ukuthi akufanele ulivumele lishone ngaphansi kuka-20% ngezinye izikhathi.Uma udinga ububanzi obuningi ngangokunokwenzeka, noma uphusha imoto yakho ukuze ugweme esinye isitobhi sokushajwa, khona-ke ngeke kube ukuphela komhlaba.Vele uzame futhi ubeke umkhawulo kulezi zimo lapho ungakwazi khona, futhi ungayishiyi imoto yakho ikuleso simo izinsuku ezimbalwa ngesikhathi.

★Gcina ibhethri lakho lipholile

Uma uthenge i-EV muva nje, kunethuba elihle kakhulu lokuthi kukhona amasistimu okugcina ibhethri likuzinga lokushisa elilungile.Amabhethri e-lithium-ion awathandi ukushisa kakhulu noma ukubanda kakhulu, futhi ukushisa kwaziwa kakhulu ngokukhuphula isivinini sokuwohloka kwebhethri isikhathi eside.

Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo.Izimoto zikagesi zesimanje zivame ukuza nezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuphatha ezishisayo ezingashisisa noma zipholise ibhethri njengoba kudingeka.Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kuyenzeka, ngoba lezo zinhlelo ziyawadinga amandla.Uma izinga lokushisa lidlulele kakhulu, kudingeka amandla engeziwe ukuze kugcinwe ibhethri linethezekile - okuzothinta uhla lwakho.

Ezinye izimoto ezindala azinakho ukuphatha okushisayo okusebenzayo, noma kunjalo.I-Nissan Leaf iyisibonelo esihle semoto esebenzisa isistimu yokupholisa ibhethri engenzi lutho.Lokho kusho ukuthi uma uhlala endaweni eshisa kakhulu, noma uvame ukuthembela ekushajweni okusheshayo kwe-DC, ibhethri lakho lingase libe nzima ukuligcina lipholile.

Akukho okuningi ongakwenza mayelana nalokhu ngenkathi ushayela, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele unake lapho upaka khona.Zama futhi upake endlini uma kungenzeka, noma okungenani uzame ukuthola indawo enomthunzi.Ayifani neze nekhava ehlala njalo, kodwa iyasiza.Lona umkhuba omuhle kubo bonke abanikazi be-EV, ngoba kusho ukuthi ukuphatha okushisayo ngeke kudle amandla amaningi ngenkathi ungekho.Futhi lapho ubuya imoto yakho izoba pholile kancane kunalokho obekuyoba njalo.

★Buka isivinini sakho sokushaja

Abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi akufanele basabe ukusebenzisa ukushajwa kabusha okusheshayo kweshaja esheshayo ye-DC.Ziyithuluzi elibalulekile lezimoto zikagesi, ezinikeza isivinini sokushajwa kabusha ohambweni olude lomgwaqo kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo.Ngeshwa banegama elithize, nokuthi lezo zivinini zokushaja ngokushesha zingaba nomthelela kanjani empilweni yebhethri yesikhathi eside.

Ngisho nama-automaker afana ne-Kia(ivula kuthebhu entsha) bayaqhubeka nokukweluleka ngokuthi ungawasebenzisi amashaja asheshayo kaningi, ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwebhethri lakho elingase libhekane nakho.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhuluma ngokujwayelekile ukushaja okusheshayo kulungile - inqobo nje uma imoto yakho inohlelo olwanele lokuphatha okushisayo.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iwuketshezi olupholile noma lupholile, imoto ingalandisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokushisa okudlulele okukhiqizwa lapho ishajwa.Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi azikho izinto ongazenza ukuze wenze inqubo ibe lula.

Ungaxhumi noma iyiphi ishaja emotweni ngokushesha nje lapho ume, uma kungenzeka.Ukunikeza ibhethri isikhathi esithile ukuze liphole kusiza ukwenza inqubo ibe lula.Shaja ngaphakathi, noma endaweni enomthunzi, uma kungenzeka, bese ulinda kuze kube isikhathi esipholile sosuku ukuze unciphise inani lokushisa okweqile eduze kwebhethri.

Okungenani ukwenza lezi zinto kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ushaja kabusha ngokushesha, njengoba imoto ayidingi ukusebenzisa amandla ukupholisa ibhethri.

Uma imoto yakho inokupholisa kwebhethri okungenzi lutho, okusho ukuthi ithembele emoyeni osendaweni ukuze isuse ukushisa, uzofuna ukuwafaka enhliziyweni lawa mathiphu.Ngenxa yokuthi lawo mabhethri anzima kakhulu ukupholisa ngokushesha, ukushisa kunganqwabelana futhi lokho kungase kulimaze amabhethri phakathi nenkathi yokuphila yemoto.Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola umhlahlandlela wethu wokuthi kufanele yini uyishaje ngokushesha imoto yakho kagesi uma ungaqiniseki ngomthelela engase ibe nawo.

★Thola ububanzi obuningi ebhethri lakho ngangokunokwenzeka

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion akalwe kuphela ngenani elithile lemijikelezo yokushaja — ukushajwa okuphelele nokuphuma kwebhethri.Lapho ibhethri linqwabelanisa imijikelezo yokushaja eyengeziwe, maningi amathuba okuba ibhekane nokuwohloka njengoba ama-ion e-lithium ezungeza iseli.

Indlela kuphela yokukhawulela inani lemijikelezo yokushaja ukungasebenzisi ibhethri, okuyiseluleko esibi.Kodwa-ke kusho ukuthi kunezinzuzo zokushayela ngendlela eyongayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ububanzi obuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ebhethrini lakho.Akukhona nje ukuthi lokhu kulula kakhulu, njengoba ngeke kudingeke ukuthi uxhume cishe kakhulu, kodwa futhi kunciphisa inani lemijikelezo yokushaja ibhethri lakho elidlula kuyo, okuzosiza ukuyigcina isesimweni esihle isikhathi eside.

Amathiphu ayisisekelo ongase uwazame ahlanganisa ukushayela okuvulwe i-eco mode, ukunciphisa isisindo eseqile emotweni, ukugwema ukushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu (ngaphezu kwamamayela angu-60 ngehora) nokusebenzisa ithuba lokubhuleka okuzivuselelayo.Kuyasiza futhi ukusheshisa nokubhuleka kancane futhi ngokushelela, kunokuba ushaye phansi amaphedali kuwo wonke amathuba atholakalayo.

Ingabe kufanele ukhathazeke ngokuwohloka kwebhethri emotweni yakho kagesi?

Ngokuvamile, cha.Amabhethri emoto kagesi ngokuvamile anesikhathi sokusebenza seminyaka engu-8-10, futhi angasebenza kahle kakhulu ngale kwalelo qophelo - noma ngabe lokho kungukunika amandla imoto noma ukujabulela impilo entsha njengokugcinwa kwamandla.

Kodwa ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kuyinqubo ende, enqwabelanayo ezothatha iminyaka embalwa ukuze ibe nomthelela wangempela ekusebenzeni kwebhethri.Ngokufanayo, abakhiqizi bezimoto bebeklama amabhethri ngendlela yokuthi ukonakala kwemvelo kungabi nomthelela omkhulu kububanzi bakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

U-Tesla, ngokwesibonelo, uthi (uvula kuthebhu entsha) ukuthi amabhethri akhe asagcina u-90% womthamo wawo wangempela ngemuva kokushayela amamayela angu-200,000.Uma ushayela ungami ngamamayela angu-60 ngehora, bekuzokuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-139 ukuhamba lelo banga.Umshayeli wakho omaphakathi ngeke ashayele kude kangako maduze.

Amabhethri ngokuvamile anewaranti yawo ehlukene futhi.Izibalo eziqondile ziyehluka, kodwa iziqinisekiso ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa ibhethri iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuqala noma amamayela ayi-100,000.Uma umthamo otholakalayo uwela ngaphansi kuka-70% ngaleso sikhathi, uthola ibhethri elisha lonke mahhala.

Ukuphatha kabi ibhethri lakho, nokwenza njalo konke okungafanele ukwenze, kuzosheshisa inqubo — nakuba kuncike kangakanani ekutheni ubudedengu kangakanani.Ungase ube newaranti, kodwa ngeke ihlale unomphela.

Alikho ichashazi eliwumlingo lokulivimba, kodwa ukuphatha kahle ibhethri lakho kuzonciphisa inani lokuwohloka — kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lakho lihlala lisesimweni esisebenziseka kahle isikhathi eside.ngakho-ke sebenzisa lawa macebiso okugcina ibhethri njalo futhi ngokungaguquki ngangokunokwenzeka.

Lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele uzithikameze ngamabomu kakhulu, ngoba lokho kuwukukhiqiza nje okuphambene.Ungesabi ukushaja ngokugcwele lapho kudingeka, noma ukushaja ngokushesha ukuze ubuyele emgwaqeni ngokushesha okukhulu.Unayo imoto futhi akufanele wesabe ukusebenzisa amakhono ayo uma uwadinga.