Ufuna ukugcina imoto yakho kagesi isebenza isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka? Nakhu okudingeka ukwenze

Uma uthenge enye yezimoto zikagesi ezihamba phambili, uyazi ukuthi ukugcina ibhethri layo liphilile kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi. Ukugcina ibhethri liphilile kusho ukuthi lingagcina amandla engeziwe, okuchaza ngqo ibanga lokushayela. Ibhethri elisesimweni esihle lizohlala isikhathi eside, libaluleke kakhulu uma unquma ukuthengisa, futhi ngeke kudingeke lishajwe kaningi. Ngamanye amazwi, kuyisithakazelo sabo bonke abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi ukwazi ukuthi amabhethri abo asebenza kanjani ukuthi yini okudingeka yenziwe ukuze ibhethri labo likagesi lihlale liphilile.

Ibhethri lemoto kagesi lisebenza kanjani?

Iibhethri le-lithium-ionIbhethri emotweni yakho ayihlukile ekusebenzeni kwayo kunoma yimaphi amadivayisi onawo njengamanje — kungaba i-laptop, i-smartphone noma amabhethri e-AA ashajwayo. Nakuba makhulu kakhulu, futhi eza nezinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu noma ezibiza kakhulu kumagajethi amancane ansuku zonke.

Iseli ngalinye lebhethri le-lithium-ion lakhiwe ngendlela efanayo, linezingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene lapho ama-ion e-lithium akwazi ukuhamba khona phakathi kwawo. I-anode yebhethri isesigabeni esisodwa, kanti i-cathode isesigabeni esinye. Amandla angempela aqoqwa ama-ion e-lithium, ahamba ngaphesheya kwesihlukanisi kuye ngokuthi ibhethri linjani.

Uma kukhishwa, lawo ma-ion asuka ku-anode aye ku-cathode, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho lapho ibhethri lishaja kabusha. Ukusatshalaliswa kwama-ion kuxhunyaniswe ngqo nezinga lokushaja. Ibhethri elishajelwe ngokugcwele lizoba nawo wonke ama-ion kolunye uhlangothi lweseli, kanti ibhethri eliphelelwe yisikhathi lizoba nawo kolunye. Ukushaja okungu-50% kusho ukuthi ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwalawa amabili, njalo njalo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukunyakaza kwama-ion e-lithium ngaphakathi kwebhethri kubangela ukucindezeleka okuncane. Ngaleso sizathu amabhethri e-lithium-ion agcina ewohloka phakathi neminyaka eminingana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani okunye. Kungenye yezizathu ezenza ubuchwepheshe bebhethri eliqinile elisebenzayo bufuneke kangaka.

Ibhethri lesibili lezimoto zikagesi nalo libalulekile

Izimoto zikagesi empeleni zihlanganisa amabhethri amabili. Ibhethri eliyinhloko ibhethri elikhulu le-lithium-ion elenza imoto isebenze, kanti ibhethri lesibili linesibopho sezinhlelo zikagesi ezisebenzisa amandla aphansi. Leli bhethri lisebenzisa amandla izinto ezifana nezingidi zeminyango, ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, ikhompyutha yemoto nokunye. Ngamanye amazwi, zonke izinhlelo ezingathosa uma zizama ukudonsa amandla ku-voltage enamadijithi amathathu ekhiqizwa yibhethri eliyinhloko.

Ezimotweni eziningi zikagesi, leli bhethri liyibhethri elijwayelekile le-lead-acid elingu-12V ozolithola kunoma iyiphi enye imoto. Abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto, okuhlanganisa neTesla, bebelokhu beshintshela kwezinye izindlela ze-lithium-ion, yize injongo yokugcina ifana.

Ngokuvamile akudingeki uzikhathaze ngaleli bhethri. Uma izinto zingahambi kahle, njengoba zingenza kunoma iyiphi imoto esebenzisa uphethiloli, ungayixazulula inkinga ngokwakho. Hlola ukuthi ibhethri selifile yini, futhi lingavuselelwa ngeshaja eshaja kancane noma ngokuqala kabusha, noma esimweni esibi kakhulu, lishintshele elisha. Ngokuvamile libiza phakathi kuka-$45 no-$250, futhi lingatholakala kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezingxenye zezimoto esihle. (qaphela ukuthi awukwazi ukuqala kabusha i-EV ngokushesha.)

Ngakho-ke uligcina kanjani ibhethri lemoto kagesi liphilile?
Kwabanikazi bezimoto ze-EV okokuqala, ithemba lokugcina ugesiibhethri yemotoUma isesimweni esihle kakhulu ingabonakala ithusa. Phela, uma ibhethri liwohloka kakhulu kangangokuthi imoto ayisakwazi ukusetshenziswa, okuwukuphela kwesixazululo ukuthenga imoto entsha - noma ukuchitha izinkulungwane zamaRandi ebhethri elisha. Akukho neyodwa yalezi zinto engaba yinketho emnandi.

Ngenhlanhla ukugcina ibhethri lakho liphilile kulula kakhulu, kudinga ukuqapha okuncane kanye nomzamo omncane nje. Nakhu okudingeka ukwenze:

★Gcina ishaja yakho iphakathi kuka-20% no-80% noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona

Enye yezinto umnikazi we-EV okufanele azikhumbule ukugcina izinga lebhethri liphakathi kuka-20% no-80%. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kubuya endleleni amabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenza ngayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-ion e-lithium ahlala ehamba ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ibhethri liyacindezeleka — okuyinto engenakugwenywa.

Kodwa lokho kucindezeleka okubekezelelwa yibhethri ngokuvamile kuba kubi kakhulu uma ama-ion amaningi kakhulu ekolunye uhlangothi lweseli noma kolunye. Kulungile uma ushiya imoto yakho amahora ambalwa, noma uhlala ubusuku bonke ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa kuqala ukuba yinkinga uma ushiya ibhethri njalo ngaleyo ndlela isikhathi eside.

Iphuzu eliphelele lokulinganisela licishe libe ngu-50%, njengoba ama-ion ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zebhethri. Kodwa njengoba lokho kungenzeki, yilapho sithola khona umkhawulo ongu-20-80%. Noma yini edlula lawo maphuzu futhi usengozini yokucindezeleka okukhulu ebhethri.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukugcwalisa ibhethri lakho ngokugcwele, noma ukuthi akufanele ulivumele lingene ngaphansi kuka-20% ngezinye izikhathi. Uma udinga ibanga eliningi ngangokunokwenzeka, noma ucindezela imoto yakho ukuze ugweme okunye ukuyeka ukuligcwalisa, khona-ke ngeke kube ukuphela komhlaba. Zama nje ukunciphisa lezi zimo lapho ungakwazi khona, futhi ungayishiyi imoto yakho ikuleso simo izinsuku eziningana ngesikhathi.

★Gcina ibhethri lakho lipholile

Uma uthenge i-EV muva nje, kunethuba elihle kakhulu lokuthi kunezinhlelo ezikhona zokugcina ibhethri lisezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion awathandi ukushisa kakhulu noma ukubanda kakhulu, futhi ukushisa kwaziwa kakhulu ngokwandisa isivinini sokuwohloka kwebhethri isikhathi eside.

Ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, lokhu akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo. Izimoto zikagesi zanamuhla zivame ukuza nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa ezithuthukisiwe ezingafudumeza noma zipholise ibhethri njengoba kudingeka. Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kuyenzeka, ngoba lezo zinhlelo ziyawadinga amandla. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu, kulapho kudingeka khona amandla amaningi ukuze ibhethri lihlale likhululekile — okuzothinta ububanzi bakho.

Ezinye izimoto ezindala azinawo amandla okulawula ukushisa asebenzayo. I-Nissan Leaf iyisibonelo esihle semoto esebenzisa uhlelo lokupholisa ibhethri olungasebenzi. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma uhlala endaweni eshisa kakhulu, noma uvame ukuncika ekushajeni okusheshayo kwe-DC, ibhethri lakho lingase libe nzima ukuligcina lipholile.

Akukho okuningi ongakwenza ngalokhu ngenkathi ushayela, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele ukhathazeke ngokuthi upaka kuphi. Zama ukupaka ngaphakathi uma kungenzeka, noma okungenani uzame ukuthola indawo enomthunzi. Akufani neze nesembozo esihlala njalo, kodwa kuyasiza. Lokhu kuyindlela enhle kubo bonke abanikazi bezimoto ze-EV, ngoba kusho ukuthi ukuphathwa kokushisa ngeke kudle amandla amaningi ngenkathi ungekho. Futhi uma ubuya imoto yakho izoba ipholile kancane kunalokho obekuyoba yikho.

★Qaphela isivinini sakho sokushaja

Abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi akufanele besabe ukusebenzisa ukushaja okusheshayo kweshaja ye-DC esheshayo. Bayithuluzi elibalulekile ezimotweni zikagesi, banikeza isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo ohambweni olude lomgwaqo nasezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ngeshwa banedumela elihle, nokuthi lezo sivinini sokushaja esisheshayo zingathinta kanjani impilo yebhethri yesikhathi eside.

Ngisho nabakhiqizi bezimoto abanjengoKia (opens in new tab) bayaqhubeka nokukweluleka ukuthi ungasebenzisi ama-rapid charger kaningi, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngobunzima ibhethri lakho elingabhekana nabo.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ukushaja okusheshayo kulungile — uma nje imoto yakho inesistimu yokuphatha ukushisa eyanele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ipholile ngoketshezi noma ipholile, imoto ingakwazi ukubheka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushisa okweqile okukhiqizwayo lapho ishaja kabusha. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi azikho izinto ongazenza ukuze wenze lula inqubo.

Ungafaki ishaja emotweni ngokushesha nje lapho umisa, uma kungenzeka. Ukunikeza ibhethri isikhathi sokupholisa kusiza ukwenza kube lula ukuqhubeka nenqubo. Shaja ngaphakathi, noma endaweni emthunzini, uma kungenzeka, bese ulinda kuze kube yisikhathi esipholile sosuku ukuze unciphise ukushisa okweqile okuzungeze ibhethri.

Okungenani ukwenza lezi zinto kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ushaja ngokushesha, njengoba imoto ingadingi ukusebenzisa amandla ukuze ipholise ibhethri.

Uma imoto yakho inokupholisa ibhethri okungenamsebenzi, okungukuthi ithembele emoyeni ozungezile ukuze isuse ukushisa, kuzodingeka uzithathele lezi zeluleko. Ngenxa yokuthi lawo mabhethri kunzima ukuwapholisa ngokushesha, ukushisa kunganqwabelana futhi lokho kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kulimaze amabhethri phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwemoto. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola umhlahlandlela wethu wokuthi kufanele yini uyishaje ngokushesha imoto yakho kagesi uma ungaqiniseki ngomthelela engaba nawo.

★ Thola ububanzi obuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ebhethri lakho

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion alinganiswa kuphela ngenani elithile lemijikelezo yokushaja — ukushaja okuphelele kanye nokukhishwa kwebhethri. Uma ibhethri liqoqa imijikelezo eminingi yokushaja, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi libhekane nokuwohloka njengoba ama-ion e-lithium ehambahamba eseli.

Indlela kuphela yokunciphisa inani lemijikelezo yokushaja iwukungasebenzisi ibhethri, okuyiseluleko esibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke kusho ukuthi kunezinzuzo zokushayela ngezindleko eziphansi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ububanzi obuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ebhethri lakho. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuba lula kakhulu, ngoba ngeke kudingeke uxhume cishe okuningi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa inani lemijikelezo yokushaja ibhethri lakho elidlula kuyo, okuzosiza ukuthi lihlale lisesimweni esihle isikhathi eside.

Amathiphu ayisisekelo ongawazama afaka phakathi ukushayela uvuliwe imodi ye-eco, ukunciphisa isisindo esiningi emotweni, ukugwema ukushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu (ngaphezu kwamamayela angu-60 ngehora) kanye nokusebenzisa ibhuleki elivuselelayo. Kuphinde kusize ukusheshisa nokubhuleka kancane nangokushelela, kunokuba ushaye amaphedali phansi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esitholakalayo.

Ingabe kufanele ukhathazeke ngokonakala kwebhethri emotweni yakho kagesi?

Ngokuvamile, cha. Amabhethri emoto kagesi ngokuvamile aphila iminyaka engu-8-10, futhi angasebenza kahle kakhulu ngale kwalelo phuzu - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kunika amandla imoto noma ukujabulela impilo entsha njengendawo yokugcina amandla.

Kodwa ukuwohloka kwemvelo kuyinqubo ende, eqoqanayo ezothatha iminyaka eminingana ukuze ibe nomthelela wangempela ekusebenzeni kwebhethri. Ngokufanayo, abenzi bezimoto bebeklama amabhethri ngendlela yokuthi ukuwohloka kwemvelo kungabi nomthelela omkhulu ebangeni lakho esikhathini eside.

Isibonelo, i-Tesla ithi (ivula kuthebhu entsha) amabhethri ayo asagcina u-90% wamandla awo okuqala ngemva kokushayela amamayela angu-200,000. Uma ushayela ungami ngesivinini samamayela angu-60 ngehora, kungakuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-139 ukuhamba lelo banga. Umshayeli wakho ojwayelekile ngeke ashayele ibanga elingaka maduze.

Amabhethri ngokuvamile anewaranti yawo ehlukile. Izibalo eziqondile ziyahlukahluka, kodwa iwaranti evamile imboza ibhethri iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuqala noma amamayela ayi-100,000. Uma umthamo otholakalayo wehla ngaphansi kuka-70% ngaleso sikhathi, uthola ibhethri elisha ngokuphelele mahhala.

Ukuphatha kabi ibhethri lakho, nokwenza konke okungafanele ukwenze njalo, kuzosheshisa inqubo - yize kuncike ekutheni udebesela kangakanani. Ungase ube newaranti, kodwa ngeke ihlale phakade.

Akukho bhulashi lomlingo lokukuvimbela, kodwa ukuphatha ibhethri lakho kahle kuzonciphisa inani lokuwohloka — ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lakho lihlala lisesimweni esinempilo nesisebenzisekayo isikhathi eside. ngakho-ke sebenzisa lawa macebiso okulondoloza ibhethri njalo nangokuqhubekayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele uziphazamise ngamabomu kakhulu, ngoba lokho kumane nje akuzuzisi. Ungesabi ukushaja ngokugcwele lapho kudingeka khona, noma ukushaja ngokushesha ukuze ubuyele emgwaqweni ngokushesha okukhulu. Unayo imoto futhi akufanele wesabe ukusebenzisa amakhono ayo uma uwadinga.