Amandla avuselelekayo amandla atholakala emithonjeni yemvelo egcwaliswa kabusha ngesivinini esiphezulu kunaleyo esetshenziswayo. Ukukhanya kwelanga nomoya, isibonelo, kuyimithombo enjalo egcwaliswa njalo. Imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo miningi futhi isizungezile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafutha asetshenziswa ezinsaleleni - amalahle, uwoyela kanye negesi, ayimithombo engavuseleleki ethatha amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka ukwakheka. Amafutha asetshenziswa ezinsaleleni, uma eshiswa ukuze akhiqize amandla, abangela ukukhishwa kwegesi ebanga ukushisa okuyingozi, njenge-carbon dioxide.
Ukukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo kudala ukukhishwa kwegesi okuphansi kakhulu kunokushisa uphethiloli. Ukushintsha kusuka kuphethiloli, okwamanje okufaka isandla esikhulu sokukhishwa kwegesi, kuya kumandla avuselelekayo kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nenkinga yesimo sezulu.
Izinto ezivuselelekayo manje zishibhile emazweni amaningi, futhi zikhiqiza imisebenzi ephindwe kathathu kunezinto ezisetshenziswa emafossil.
Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa ezivamile zamandla avuselelekayo:
AMANDLA E-SOLAR
Amandla elanga ayimithombo yamandla eminingi kakhulu futhi angasetshenziswa ngisho nasesimo sezulu esinamafu. Izinga amandla elanga abanjwa ngalo nguMhlaba liphindwe cishe izikhathi eziyi-10,000 kunezinga abantu abasebenzisa ngalo amandla.
Ubuchwepheshe belanga bungaletha ukushisa, ukupholisa, ukukhanya kwemvelo, ugesi, kanye namafutha ezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ubuchwepheshe belanga buguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla kagesi ngamaphaneli e-photovoltaic noma ngezibuko ezigxila emisebeni yelanga.
Nakuba kungewona wonke amazwe anikezwe amandla elanga ngokulinganayo, umnikelo omkhulu ekuxubeni kwamandla avela kumandla elanga aqondile ungaba khona kuwo wonke amazwe.
Izindleko zokukhiqiza amaphaneli elanga zehle kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, okwenza angagcini nje ngokuba athengekayo kodwa ngokuvamile abe uhlobo lukagesi olushibhile. Amaphaneli elanga aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-30, futhi eza ngemibala ehlukahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni.
AMANDLA OMOYA
Amandla omoya asebenzisa amandla e-kinetic okuhambisa umoya ngokusebenzisa ama-turbine amakhulu omoya atholakala ezweni (ogwini) noma olwandle noma emanzini ahlanzekile (ogwini). Amandla omoya asetshenziswe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bamandla omoya ogwini kanye nolwandle buthuthuke eminyakeni embalwa edlule ukuze kukhuliswe ugesi okhiqizwayo - ngama-turbine amade kanye nobubanzi obukhulu be-rotor.
Nakuba isivinini somoya esimaphakathi sihluka kakhulu ngokwendawo, amandla obuchwepheshe omhlaba wamandla omoya adlula ukukhiqizwa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke, futhi kukhona amandla amaningi ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba ukuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwamandla omoya okukhulu.
Izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba zinesivinini somoya esinamandla, kodwa izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza amandla omoya ngezinye izikhathi zikude. Amandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle anikeza amandla amakhulu.
AMANDLA OKUGCWELE
Amandla okushisa asebenzisa amandla okushisa atholakala ngaphakathi koMhlaba. Ukushisa kukhishwa emachibini okushisa asebenzisa imithombo noma ezinye izindlela.
Amadamu okugcina amanzi ashisa ngokwanele ngokwemvelo futhi angangeni kahle abizwa ngokuthi amadamu okugcina amanzi ashisayo, kanti amadamu okugcina amanzi ashisa ngokwanele kodwa athuthukiswa ngokukhuthazwa kwe-hydraulic abizwa ngokuthi izinhlelo ze-geothermal ezithuthukisiwe.
Uma seziphezulu, uketshezi olunezinga lokushisa elihlukahlukene lungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ugesi obuvela ezindlini zokugcina amanzi buvuthiwe futhi buthembekile, futhi busebenze iminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu.
UMBANE WAMANZI
Amandla kagesi asebenzisa amandla amanzi asuka ezindaweni eziphakeme aye ezindaweni eziphansi. Angakhiqizwa ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi nasemifuleni. Izitshalo zamanzi ezisebenzisa amanzi zithembele emanzini agciniwe endaweni yokugcina amanzi, kuyilapho izitshalo zamanzi ezisebenzisa amanzi ageleza emfuleni zisebenzisa amandla avela ekugelezeni okutholakalayo komfula.
Amadamu kagesi asebenzisa amanzi avame ukusetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi - ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuza, amanzi okunisela, ukulawula izikhukhula kanye nesomiso, izinsizakalo zokuhamba ngemikhumbi, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla.
Amandla kagesi asebenza ngamanzi njengamanje angumthombo omkhulu wamandla avuselelekayo emkhakheni kagesi. Athembele kumaphethini emvula azinzile ngokuvamile, futhi angathinteka kabi yisomiso esibangelwa yisimo sezulu noma izinguquko emvelweni ezithinta amaphethini emvula.
Ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukudala ugesi wamanzi nayo ingathinta imvelo ngezindlela ezimbi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaningi babheka ugesi wamanzi omncane njengendlela enobungani nemvelo, futhi efaneleka kakhulu emiphakathini esezindaweni ezikude.
AMANDLA OLWANDLE
Amandla olwandle avela kubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic kanye ne-thermal amanzi olwandle - amagagasi noma imisinga isibonelo - ukukhiqiza ugesi noma ukushisa.
Izinhlelo zamandla olwandle zisesesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, kanti kuhlolwa inani lamadivayisi amaza kanye namanje asetshenziswayo. Amandla angokombono wamandla olwandle adlula kalula izidingo zamandla abantu zamanje.
I-BioENERGY
I-Bioenergy ikhiqizwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene eziphilayo, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-biomass, njengezinkuni, amalahle, ubulongwe kanye neminye imiquba yokukhiqiza ukushisa namandla, kanye nezitshalo zezolimo zama-biofuel aketshezi. Iningi le-biomass lisetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya ukupheka, ukukhanyisa kanye nokushisa isikhala, ngokuvamile ngabantu abampofu emazweni asathuthuka.
Izinhlelo zesimanje ze-biomass zifaka phakathi izitshalo noma izihlahla ezizinikele, izinsalela ezivela kwezolimo namahlathi, kanye nemifudlana eyahlukahlukene yemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo.
Amandla adalwe ukushisa i-biomass adala ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, kodwa ngamazinga aphansi kunokushisa uphethiloli wezinto ezisetshenziswayo njengamalahle, uwoyela noma igesi. Kodwa-ke, i-bioenergy kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ezisetshenzisweni ezilinganiselwe, uma kubhekwa imiphumela emibi engaba khona kwezemvelo ehlobene nokwanda okukhulu kwamahlathi kanye namahlathi e-bioenergy, kanye nokuguqulwa kwamahlathi okubangelwa ukususwa kwawo kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-29-2022