Amandla avuselelekayo amandla atholakala emithonjeni yemvelo agcwaliswa ngenani eliphakeme kunalawo asetshenzisiwe.Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhanya kwelanga nomoya kuyimithombo enjalo ehlale igcwaliswa.Imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo miningi futhi isizungezile.
Izibaso ezimbiwa phansi - amalahle, uwoyela negesi - ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyizinsiza ezingavuseleleki ezithatha amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka ukuze zakheke.Izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, lapho zishiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla, zibangela ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa eyingozi, njengesikhutha.
Ukukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo kudala ukungcola okuphansi kakhulu kunokushisa izinto ezimbiwa phansi.Ukushintsha kusuka kumafutha emvelo, okuyiwona njengamanje ayingxenye enkulu yegesi, ukuya kumandla avuselelekayo kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nenkinga yesimo sezulu.
Izinto ezivuselelekayo manje sezishibhile emazweni amaningi, futhi zenza imisebenzi ephindwe kathathu kunezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi.
Nansi imithombo embalwa evamile yamandla avuselelekayo:
AMANDLA ELANGA
Amandla elanga yiwona anala kakhulu kuzo zonke izinsiza zamandla futhi angasetshenziswa ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esiguqubele.Izinga amandla elanga atholwa ngalo nguMhlaba likhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10,000 kunezinga abantu abasebenzisa ngalo amandla.
Ubuchwepheshe belanga bungaletha ukushisa, ukupholisa, ukukhanya kwemvelo, ugesi, namafutha ezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.Ubuchwepheshe belanga buguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa amaphaneli e-photovoltaic noma ngezibuko ezigxilisa imisebe yelanga.
Nakuba kungewona wonke amazwe anikezwe ngokulinganayo amandla elanga, umnikelo obalulekile ekuxubeni kwamandla avela kumandla elanga aqondile kungenzeka kuwo wonke amazwe.
Izindleko zokukhiqiza ama-solar panel ziye zehla kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, okwenza ukuthi angabizi nje kuphela kodwa ngokuvamile abe uhlobo olushibhile lukagesi.Amaphaneli elanga aphila iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30, futhi eza ngemibala ehlukahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ekukhiqizeni.
AMANDLA OMOYA
Amandla omoya asebenzisa amandla e-kinetic omoya onyakazayo ngokusebenzisa izinjini zomoya ezinkulu ezisemhlabeni (onshore) noma emanzini olwandle noma emanzini ahlanzekile (offshore).Amandla omoya asetshenziselwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bamandla omoya ogwini kanye nasogwini buye bavela eminyakeni embalwa edlule ukuze kwandiswe ugesi okhiqizwayo - ngama-turbine amade kanye namadiamitha ama-rotor amakhulu.
Nakuba isivinini somoya esimaphakathi sihluka kakhulu ngendawo, amandla okusebenza omhlaba wamandla omoya adlula ukukhiqizwa kukagesi womhlaba wonke, futhi amandla amaningi akhona ezifundeni eziningi zomhlaba ukuze avumele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omoya okubalulekile.
Izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba zinezivinini zomoya ezinamandla, kodwa izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokukhiqiza amandla omoya ngezinye izikhathi ezikude.Amandla omoya ase-Offshore anikeza amandla amakhulu.
AMANDLA EGEOTHERMAL
Amandla e-Geothermal asebenzisa amandla okushisa afinyelelekayo asuka ngaphakathi eMhlabeni.Ukushisa kukhishwa kuma-geothermal reservoirs kusetshenziswa imithombo noma ezinye izindlela.
Amadamu ngokwemvelo ashisa ngokwanele futhi akwazi ukungena ngaphakathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-hydrothermal reservoirs, kuyilapho amachibi ashisa ngokwanele kodwa athuthukiswa ngokukhuthazwa okuqhutshwa ngamanzi abizwa ngokuthi amasistimu e-geothermal athuthukisiwe.
Uma usuphezulu, uketshezi lwamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene lungasetshenziswa ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi.Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ugesi kuma-hydrothermal reservoirs buvuthiwe futhi buthembekile, futhi busebenze iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100.
AMANDLA KAHAYI
Amandla kagesi ahlanganisa amandla amanzi asuka phezulu aye ezindaweni eziphansi.Ingakhiqizwa emanzini nasemifuleni.Izitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi echibini zithembele emanzini agciniwe echibini, kuyilapho izitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi aphuma emfuleni zisebenzisa amandla avela ekugelezeni okukhona komfula.
Amadamu okuphehla amandla kagesi avame ukusetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi - ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuza, amanzi okunisela, ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula kanye nesomiso, izinsiza zokuhamba, kanye nokuphakelwa kwamandla.
I-Hydropower njengamanje ingumthombo omkhulu wamandla avuselelekayo emkhakheni kagesi.Ithembele emaphethini emvula azinzile, futhi ingaba nomthelela omubi ngenxa yesomiso esibangelwa isimo sezulu noma izinguquko ezimisweni zemvelo ezinomthelela ekunaleni kwemvula.
Ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kudalwe amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi ingaba nomthelela kuma-ecosystem ngezindlela ezingezinhle.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaningi babheka i-hydro encane njengendlela evumelana nemvelo, futhi elungele kakhulu imiphakathi esezindaweni ezikude.
AMANDLA OLWANDLE
Amandla olwandle atholakala kubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic kanye nokushisa kwamanzi olwandle - amaza noma imisinga ngokwesibonelo - ukukhiqiza ugesi noma ukushisa.
Amasistimu wamandla olwandle asesesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka, nenani le-prototype wave kanye namadivayisi amanje amagagasi ahlolwayo.Amandla etiyetha wamandla olwandle adlula kalula izidingo zamanje zamandla omuntu.
I-BIOENERGY
I-Bioenergy ikhiqizwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezibizwa nge-biomass, njengezinkuni, amalahle, ubulongwe nobunye ubulongwe bokukhiqiza ukushisa nokukhiqiza amandla, kanye nezitshalo zezolimo zama-biofuels awuketshezi.I-biomass eminingi isetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya ukupheka, ukukhanyisa kanye nokufudumeza isikhala, ngokuvamile ngabantu abampofu emazweni asathuthuka.
Izinhlelo zesimanje ze-biomass zihlanganisa izitshalo ezizinikele noma izihlahla, izinsalela zezolimo namahlathi, kanye nemifudlana ehlukahlukene yemfucuza yemvelo.
Amandla adalwe ngokushisa kwe-biomass adala ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, kodwa emazingeni aphansi kunokushisa izinto ezimbiwa phansi njengamalahle, uwoyela noma igesi.Kodwa-ke, i-bioenergy kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ezintweni ezinomkhawulo, uma kubhekwa imithelela engemihle engenzeka emvelweni ehlobene nokwanda okukhulu emasimini amahlathi kanye ne-bioenergy, kanye nomphumela wokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokushintsha kokusetshenziswa komhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-29-2022