Amabhethri E-Scooter Kagesi
Ibhethri “liyithangi likaphethiloli” lesikuta sakho sikagesi. Ligcina amandla asetshenziswa yi-DC motor, izibani, isilawuli, nezinye izesekeli.

Ama-scooter amaningi kagesi azoba nohlobo oluthile lwebhethri elisekelwe ku-lithium ion ngenxa yobuningi bawo bamandla obuhle kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ama-scooter amaningi kagesi ezingane kanye namanye amamodeli angabizi aqukethe amabhethri e-lead-acid. Ku-scooter, ibhethri lenziwe ngamaseli ngamanye kanye nezinto zikagesi ezibizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri oluligcina lisebenza ngokuphephile.
Amabhethri amakhulu anomthamo omkhulu, alinganiswa ngamahora we-watt, futhi azovumela isikuta sikagesi ukuthi sihambe phambili. Kodwa-ke, akhulisa usayizi nesisindo sesikuta - okwenza singathwaleki kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri angenye yezingxenye ezibiza kakhulu zesikuta futhi izindleko zizonke ziyanda ngokufanele.

Izinhlobo Zamabhethri
Amabhethri e-scooter enziwe ngamaseli amaningi ebhethri ngamanye. Ngokuqondile, enziwe ngamaseli angu-18650, ukuhlukaniswa kosayizi wamabhethri e-lithium ion (Li-Ion) anobukhulu obuyi-cylindrical obuyi-18 mm x 65 mm.

Iseli ngalinye lika-18650 ephaketheni lebhethri alihle neze — likhiqiza amandla kagesi angama-~3.6 volts (ajwayelekile) futhi linomthamo ongamahora angama-2.6 amp (2.6 A·ah) noma cishe amahora angama-9.4 watt (9.4 Wh).

Amaseli ebhethri asebenza kusukela kuma-volt angu-3.0 (ukushaja okungu-0%) kuya kuma-volt angu-4.2 (ukushaja okungu-100%).

I-Lithium Ion
Amabhethri e-Li-Ion anobukhulu bamandla obuhle kakhulu, inani lamandla agcinwe ngesisindo sawo somzimba. Aphinde abe nokuphila isikhathi eside okuhle okusho ukuthi angakhishwa futhi ashajwe noma "ajikelezwe" izikhathi eziningi futhi aqhubeke nokugcina amandla awo okugcina.

I-Li-ion empeleni ibhekisela kumakhemikhali amaningi ebhethri ahilela i-lithium ion. Nasi uhlu olufushane ngezansi:

I-Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4); eyaziwa nangokuthi: IMR, LMO, i-Li-manganese
I-nickel ye-lithium manganese (LiNiMnCoO2); eyaziwa nangokuthi i-INR, i-NMC
I-Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (LiNiCoAlO2); eyaziwa nangokuthi i-NCA, i-Li-aluminium
I-lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiCoO2); eyaziwa nangokuthi i-NCO
I-Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2); eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ICR, i-LCO, i-Li-cobalt
I-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4); eyaziwa nangokuthi i-IFR, i-LFP, i-Li-phosphate
Ngayinye yalezi khemikhali zamabhethri imelela ukuhwebelana phakathi kokuphepha, isikhathi eside, amandla, kanye nomkhiqizo wamanje.

I-Lithium Manganese (INR, NMC)
Ngenhlanhla, izikuta zikagesi eziningi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisebenzisa i-INR battery chemistry — enye yezindawo eziphephile kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-chemistry. Leli bhethri linikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nomthamo wokukhipha. Ukuba khona kwe-manganese kunciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri, okuvumela ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu ngenkathi kugcinwa amazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okubaleka kokushisa nomlilo.

Amanye ama-scooter kagesi ane-INR chemistry afaka phakathi amamodeli e-WePed GT 50e kanye ne-Dualtron.

I-lead-acid
I-lead-acid iyikhemikhali yebhethri endala kakhulu evame ukutholakala ezimotweni nakwezinye izimoto ezinkulu zikagesi, njengezinqola zegalofu. Zitholakala nakwamanye ama-scooter kagesi; okuphawulekayo kakhulu, ama-scooter ezingane ashibhile avela ezinkampanini ezifana neRazor.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid anenzuzo yokuba ashibhile, kodwa ahlushwa ukuba namandla amancane kakhulu, okusho ukuthi anesisindo esikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lamandla agcinayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa, amabhethri e-Li-ion anomthamo wamandla ophindwe kayi-10 uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid.

Amaphakethe Ebhethri
Ukuze kwakhiwe ibhethri elinamahora angama-watt angamakhulu noma ayizinkulungwane, amaseli amaningi e-Li-ion angu-18650 ahlanganiswa ndawonye abe yisakhiwo esifana nesitini. Ibhethri elifana nesitini liqashwa futhi lilawulwa yisekethe kagesi ebizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (i-BMS), olulawula ukugeleza kukagesi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwebhethri.
Amaseli ngamanye ephaketheni lebhethri axhunywe ngochungechunge (ekugcineni kuya ekugcineni) okuhlanganisa i-voltage yawo. Yile ndlela okungenzeka ngayo ukuba nezikuta ezinamabhethri angu-36 V, 48 V, 52 V, 60 V, noma amakhulu nakakhulu.

Lezi zintambo ngazinye (amabhethri amaningi alandelanayo) bese zixhunywa ndawonye ukuze kwandiswe amandla okukhipha.

Ngokulungisa inani lamaseli alandelanayo nahambisanayo, abakhiqizi bezikuta zikagesi bangandisa i-voltage yokuphuma noma amandla aphezulu wamanje kanye ne-amp hour.

Ukushintsha ukucushwa kwebhethri ngeke kwandise amandla aphelele agciniwe, kodwa kuvumela ibhethri ukuthi linikeze ububanzi obuningi kanye ne-voltage ephansi kanye nokuphikisana nalokho.

I-Voltage kanye ne-% esele
Iseli ngalinye elisephaketheni lebhethri ngokuvamile lisebenza kusukela kuma-volts angu-3.0 (ukushaja okungu-0%) kuze kufike kuma-volts angu-4.2 (ukushaja okungu-100%).

Lokhu kusho ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri elingu-36 V, (elinamabhethri ayi-10 ochungechungeni) lisebenza kusukela ku-30 ​​V (0% charge) kuze kufike ku-42 volts (100% charge). Ungabona ukuthi i-% esele ihambisana kanjani ne-voltage yebhethri (amanye ama-scooter abonisa lokhu ngqo) kuzo zonke izinhlobo zebhethri eshadini lethu le-voltage yebhethri.

I-Voltage Yehla
Ibhethri ngalinye lizohlushwa yinto ebizwa ngokuthi i-voltage sag.

Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kubangelwa yimiphumela eminingana, okuhlanganisa i-lithium-ion chemistry, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokumelana kagesi. Kuhlala kuphumela ekuziphatheni okungekhona okuqondile kwamandla kagesi ebhethri.

Uma nje umthwalo ufakwa ebhethrini, i-voltage izokwehla ngokushesha. Lo mphumela ungaholela ekulinganiseni umthamo webhethri ngendlela engafanele. Uma ubufunda ngokuqondile i-voltage yebhethri, ubungacabanga ukuthi ulahlekelwe yi-10% yamandla akho noma ngaphezulu ngokushesha.

Uma umthwalo usususiwe, i-voltage yebhethri izobuyela ezingeni layo langempela.

Ukuwa kwamandla kagesi kwenzeka futhi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwebhethri isikhathi eside (njengasesikhathini sohambo olude). I-lithium chemistry ebhethrini ithatha isikhathi ukuze ihambisane nesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwamandla kagesi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amandla kagesi ebhethri ehle ngokushesha nakakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphela kohambo olude.

Uma ibhethri livunyelwe ukuphumula, lizobuyela ezingeni lalo langempela nelinembile lamandla kagesi.

Izilinganiso Zomthamo
Umthamo webhethri le-e-scooter ulinganiswa ngamayunithi wamahora we-watt (okufingqiwe nge-Wh), isilinganiso samandla. Le yunithi kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda. Isibonelo, ibhethri elinesilinganiso se-1 Wh ligcina amandla anele ukuhlinzeka nge-watt eyodwa yamandla ihora elilodwa.

Umthamo wamandla amaningi usho amahora aphezulu e-watt yebhethri okuhunyushwa ebangeni elide le-scooter kagesi, ngobukhulu benjini ethile. I-scooter evamile izoba nomthamo ongaba ngu-250 Wh futhi ikwazi ukuhamba amamayela angaba ngu-10 ngesivinini esingamamayela angu-15 ngehora. Ama-scooter asebenza kahle kakhulu angaba nomthamo ofinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zama-watt amahora kanye nobubanzi obufika kumamayela angu-60.

Imikhiqizo Yebhethri
Amaseli e-Li-ion ngamanye ephaketheni lebhethri le-e-scooter enziwa yizinkampani ezimbalwa ezaziwayo emhlabeni jikelele. Amaseli asezingeni eliphezulu enziwa yi-LG, i-Samsung, i-Panasonic, ne-Sanyo. Lezi zinhlobo zamaseli zivame ukutholakala kuphela emaphaketheni ebhethri lama-scooter asezingeni eliphezulu.

Ama-scooter amaningi kagesi ashibhile futhi ahamba ngesivinini esiphezulu anamabhethri enziwe ngamaseli ajwayelekile akhiqizwa eShayina, ahlukahluka kakhulu ngekhwalithi.

Umehluko phakathi kwama-scooter anamaseli anophawu kanye nawaseShayina ajwayelekile uyisiqinisekiso esikhulu sokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngemikhiqizo esunguliwe. Uma lokho kungekho ngaphakathi kwesabelomali sakho, qiniseka ukuthi uthenga isikuta kumkhiqizi odumile osebenzisa izingxenye zekhwalithi futhi onezilinganiso zokulawula ikhwalithi enhle (QC).

Ezinye izibonelo zezinkampani okungenzeka ukuthi zine-QC enhle yiXiaomi neSegway.

Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwebhethri
Nakuba amaseli e-Li-ion 18650 enezinzuzo ezimangalisayo, awathetheleli kangako kunezinye ubuchwepheshe bebhethri futhi angaqhuma uma esetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele. Yingakho cishe ehlanganiswa njalo abe amaphakethe ebhethri anesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri.

Uhlelo lokuphatha amabhethri (i-BMS) luyisici se-elekthronikhi esiqapha iphakethe lebhethri futhi silawule ukushaja nokukhipha. Amabhethri e-Li-ion aklanyelwe ukusebenza phakathi kuka-2.5 kuya ku-4.0 V. Ukushaja ngokweqile noma ukukhipha ngokuphelele kunganciphisa impilo yebhethri noma kubangele izimo eziyingozi zokushisa. Ama-BMS kufanele avimbele ukushaja ngokweqile. Ama-BMS amaningi nawo anciphisa amandla ngaphambi kokuba ibhethri likhishwe ngokuphelele ukuze lenze isikhathi sokuphila sibe sinde. Naphezu kwalokhu, abagibeli abaningi basanakekela amabhethri abo ngokungawakhiphi ngokugcwele futhi basebenzisa amashaja akhethekile ukulawula kahle isivinini sokushaja kanye nenani.

Izinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri eziyinkimbinkimbi zizoqapha izinga lokushisa lephakethe futhi zibangele ukunqamuka uma kwenzeka ukushisa ngokweqile.

Izinga le-C
Uma wenza ucwaningo ngokushaja ibhethri, cishe uzohlangana ne-C-rate. I-C-rate ichaza ukuthi ibhethri lishajwa noma likhishwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Isibonelo, i-C-rate engu-1C isho ukuthi ibhethri lishajwa ngehora elilodwa, i-2C isho ukuthi lishajwa ngokugcwele emahoreni angu-0.5, kanti i-0.5C isho ukuthi lishajwe ngokugcwele emahoreni amabili. Uma ushaja ibhethri elingu-100 A·ah ngokugcwele usebenzisa i-100 A current, kungathatha ihora elilodwa kanti i-C-rate izoba yi-1C.

Impilo Yebhethri
Ibhethri elijwayelekile le-Li-ion lizokwazi ukusingatha imijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha engu-300 kuya ku-500 ngaphambi kokuncipha kwamandla. Ku-scooter kagesi evamile, lokhu kungamakhilomitha angu-3000 kuya ku-10 000! Khumbula ukuthi “ukuncipha kwamandla” akusho “ukulahlekelwa amandla onke,” kodwa kusho ukwehla okuphawulekayo okungu-10 kuya ku-20% okuzoqhubeka nokuba kubi kakhulu.

Izinhlelo zesimanje zokuphatha amabhethri ziyasiza ekwandiseni isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri futhi akufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokulinakekela.

Kodwa-ke, uma uzimisele ukwelula isikhathi sebhethri ngangokunokwenzeka, kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ukuze weqe imijikelezo engu-500. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Ungagcini isikuta sakho sishajwe ngokugcwele noma ishaja ixhunyiwe isikhathi eside.
Ungagcini isikuta sikagesi sigcwele. Amabhethri e-Li-ion ayawohloka uma ehla ngaphansi kuka-2.5 V. Iningi labakhiqizi lincoma ukugcina izikuta ezishajwe ngo-50%, bese uzigcwalisa kuleli zinga ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze zigcinwe isikhathi eside.
Ungayisebenzisi ibhethri yesikuta emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-32 F° noma ngaphezulu kuka-113 F°.
Shaja isikuta sakho ngesilinganiso se-C esiphansi, okusho ukuthi shaja ibhethri ngesilinganiso esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namandla alo aphezulu okulondoloza/ukuthuthukisa impilo yebhethri. Ukushaja ngesilinganiso se-C esiphakathi kwangaphansi kwe-1 kungcono kakhulu. Amanye amashaja asheshayo noma asheshayo akuvumela ukuthi ulawule lokhu.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokushaja isikuta sikagesi.

Isifinyezo

Into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi ungalisebenzisi kabi ibhethri futhi lizohlala isikhathi eside lisebenza le-scooter. Sizwa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zabantu ngama-scooter abo kagesi aphukile futhi akuvamile ukuba yinkinga yebhethri!