Amabhethri wesikuta kagesi
Ibhethri “liyithangi likaphethiloli” lesithuthuthu sakho sikagesi.Igcina amandla asetshenziswa injini ye-DC, izibani, isilawuli, nezinye izesekeli.

Izithuthuthu eziningi zikagesi zizoba nohlobo oluthile lwephakethe lebhethri le-lithium ion ngenxa yokuminyana kwazo okuhle kakhulu nokuphila isikhathi eside.Izikuta zikagesi eziningi zezingane namanye amamodeli ashibhile aqukethe amabhethri e-lead-acid.Kusikuta, iphakethe lebhethri lenziwe ngamaseli angawodwana kanye nezinto zikagesi ezibizwa ngokuthi isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri eyigcina isebenza ngokuphepha.
Amaphakethe ebhethri amakhulu anomthamo owengeziwe, akalwa ngamahora we-watt, futhi azovumela isikuta sikagesi ukuthi sihambe siye phambili.Kodwa-ke, futhi akhulisa usayizi nesisindo sesithuthuthu - asenze sithwale kancane.Ukwengeza, amabhethri angenye yezingxenye ezibiza kakhulu ze-scooter futhi izindleko zizonke zikhuphuka ngokufanele.

Izinhlobo zamabhethri
Amaphakethe ebhethri e-scooter enziwe ngamaseli ebhethri amaningi ngamanye.Ngokuqondile, enziwe ngamaseli angu-18650, ukuhlukaniswa kosayizi wamabhethri e-lithium ion (Li-Ion) anobukhulu obungu-18 mm x 65 mm cylindrical.

Iseli ngalinye elingu-18650 ephaketheni lebhethri alibukeki kahle — likhiqiza amandla kagesi angu-~3.6 volts (igama elivamile) futhi linomthamo cishe wamahora angu-2.6 amp (2.6 A·h) noma cishe amahora angu-9.4 watt-amahora (9.4 Wh).

Amaseli ebhethri asebenza ukusuka ku-3.0 volts (0% ukushajwa) kufika ku-4.2 volts (100% ukushajwa).

I-Lithium ion
Amabhethri e-Li-Ion anomthamo omkhulu wamandla, inani lamandla agcinwe ngokwesisindo sawo somzimba.Futhi zinokuphila isikhathi eside okuhle kakhulu okusho ukuthi zingakhishwa futhi zishajwe kabusha noma "zihanjiswe ngamabhayisikili" izikhathi eziningi futhi ziqhubeke zigcina umthamo wazo wokugcina.

I-Li-ion empeleni ibhekisela kumakhemikhali amaningi ebhethri afaka i-lithium ion.Nalu uhlu olufushane ngezansi:

I-lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4);aka: IMR, LMO, Li-manganese
I-lithium manganese nickel (LiNiMnCoO2);aka INR, NMC
I-Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (LiNiCoAlO2);I-NCA, i-Li-aluminium
I-Lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiCoO2);noma NCO
I-lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2);aka ICR, LCO, Li-cobalt
I-Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4);aka IFR, LFP, Li-phosphate
Ngayinye kulawa makhemikhali ebhethri imele ukuhwebelana phakathi kokuphepha, ukuphila isikhathi eside, umthamo, nokuphumayo kwamanje.

I-Lithium Manganese (INR, NMC)
Ngenhlanhla, izikuta zikagesi zekhwalithi eziningi zisebenzisa ikhemistri yebhethri ye-INR - enye yezindawo zamakhemikhali eziphephe kakhulu.Leli bhethri linikeza umthamo ophezulu kanye nokuphumayo kwamanje.Ukuba khona kwe-manganese kwehlisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri, okuvumela ukuphuma okuphezulu kwamanje ngenkathi kugcinwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi.Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okubaleka okushisayo nomlilo.

Amanye ama-scooters kagesi anamakhemikhali e-INR afaka amamodeli we-WePed GT 50e kanye ne-Dualtron.

I-lead-acid
I-lead-acid iyikhemikhali yebhethri endala kakhulu evame ukutholakala ezimotweni nasezimotweni ezinkulu zikagesi, njengezinqola zegalofu.Ziyatholakala futhi kwezinye izikuta zikagesi;okuphawuleka kakhulu, izikuta zezingane ezingabizi ezivela ezinkampanini ezifana neRazor.

Amabhethri aneasidi yomthofu anenzuzo yokuba angabizi, kodwa ahlushwa ukuba namandla amancane kakhulu, okusho ukuthi anesisindo esiningi uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lamandla awagcinayo.Uma kuqhathaniswa, amabhethri e-Li-ion acishe abe ngu-10X ukuminyana kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid.

Amaphakethe Ebhethri
Ukwakha iphakethe lebhethri elinamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamahora we-watt womthamo, amaseli amaningi e-Li-ion angu-18650 ahlanganiswa ndawonye abe isakhiwo esifana nezitini.Iphakethe lebhethri elifana nezitini ligadwa futhi lilawulwa yisekethe kagesi ebizwa ngokuthi i-battery management system (BMS), elawula ukungena nokuphuma kukagesi ebhethrini.
Amaseli angawodwana ephaketheni lebhethri axhunywe ochungechungeni (ekugcineni ukuya ekugcineni) oluhlanganisa ugesi wawo.Yile ndlela okungenzeka ngayo ukuthi ube nezithuthuthu ezinama-36 V, 48 V, 52 V, 60 V, noma amaphakethe ebhethri amakhulu.

Lawa macu angawodwana (amabhethri amaningi ochungechungeni) abe esexhunywa ngokuhambisana ukuze kukhuliswe amandla aphumayo.

Ngokulungisa inani lamaseli ochungechungeni nokuhambisana, abakhiqizi besikuta sikagesi bangakhuphula i-voltage ephumayo noma umthamo omkhulu wamanje kanye nehora le-amp.

Ukushintsha ukucushwa kwebhethri ngeke kwandise amandla agciniwe, kodwa kuvumela ibhethri ukuthi linikeze ububanzi obuningi kanye nevoltheji ephansi futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Amandla kagesi kanye % Asele
Iseli ngayinye ephaketheni lebhethri ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ukusuka ku-3.0 volts (0% ukushajwa) yonke indlela kuze kufike ku-4.2 volts (100% ukushajwa).

Lokhu kusho ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri elingu-36 V, (elinamabhethri angu-10 ochungechungeni) lisetshenziswa kusukela ku-30 ​​V (0% ukushajwa) kuze kufike ku-42 volts (100% ukushajwa).Ungabona ukuthi i-% esele ihambisana kanjani ne-voltage yebhethri (ezinye izikuta zibonisa lokhu ngokuqondile) kulo lonke uhlobo lwebhethri eshadini lethu lamandla kagesi.

I-Voltage Sag
Ibhethri ngalinye lizohlushwa into ebizwa ngokuthi i-voltage sag.

I-voltage sag ibangelwa imiphumela eminingana, kuhlanganise ne-lithium-ion chemistry, izinga lokushisa, nokumelana nogesi.Kuhlala kuholela ekuziphatheni okungaqondile kwe-voltage yebhethri.

Ngokushesha nje lapho umthwalo usetshenziswa ebhethrini, i-voltage izokwehla ngokushesha.Lo mphumela ungaholela ekulinganiseni umthamo webhethri ngokungalungile.Uma ubufunda ngokuqondile i-voltage yebhethri, ubungacabanga ukuthi ulahlekelwe u-10% wamandla akho noma ngaphezulu.

Uma umthwalo usususiwe i-voltage yebhethri izobuyela ezingeni layo langempela.

Ukuwohloka kwe-voltage kwenzeka futhi lapho ibhethri likhipha isikhathi eside (njengokuhamba isikhathi eside).Ikhemikhali ye-lithium ebhethrini ithatha isikhathi esithile ukuze ihambisane nezinga lokukhishwa.Lokhu kungase kubangele ukuthi amandla kagesi ebhethri ehle ngokushesha nakakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphela komsila wohambo olude.

Uma ibhethri livunyelwe ukuthi liphumule, lizobuyela ezingeni layo langempela nelinembile lamandla kagesi.

Izilinganiso Zekhono
Umthamo webhethri le-e-scooter ukalwe ngamayunithi wamahora we-watt (efushanisiwe Wh), isilinganiso samandla.Le yunithi kulula ukuyiqonda.Isibonelo, ibhethri elinesilinganiso esingu-1 Wh ligcina amandla anele ukuze linikeze i-watt eyodwa yamandla ihora elilodwa.

Amandla engeziwe asho amahora we-watt ebhethri aphezulu ahumusheka kububanzi obude be-scooter kagesi, ngosayizi othile wemoto.Isikuta esimaphakathi sizoba namandla acishe abe ngu-250 Wh futhi sikwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angu-10 ngokwesilinganiso samamayela angu-15 ngehora.Izikuta ezisebenza ngokwedlulele zingaba namandla afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zamahora we-watt nobubanzi obungafika kumamayela angu-60.

Izinhlobo Zebhethri
Amaseli e-Li-ion angawodwana kuphakethe lebhethri le-e-scooter enziwa yidlanzana lezinkampani ezihlukene ezaziwayo emhlabeni jikelele.Amaseli ekhwalithi ephezulu enziwa yi-LG, Samsung, Panasonic, neSanyo.Lezi zinhlobo zamaseli zivame ukutholakala kuphela kumaphakethe ebhethri ezikuta ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Iningi lebhajethi kanye nezikuta zikagesi zabagibeli zinamaphakethe ebhethri enziwe ngamaseli ajwayelekile enziwe e-China, ahluka kakhulu ngekhwalithi.

Umehluko phakathi kwama-scooters anamaseli anebhrendi kanye namaShayina ajwayelekile uyisiqinisekiso esikhulu sokulawula ikhwalithi ngemikhiqizo esunguliwe.Uma lokho kungekho ngaphakathi kwesabelomali sakho, qiniseka ukuthi uthenga isikuta kumkhiqizi ohlonishwayo osebenzisa izingxenye zekhwalithi futhi onezilinganiso zokulawula ikhwalithi (QC) ezinhle ezikhona.

Ezinye izibonelo zezinkampani okungenzeka zibe ne-QC enhle yi-Xiaomi ne-Segway.

Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ibhethri
Yize amaseli e-Li-ion 18650 enezinzuzo ezimangalisayo, awathetheleli kangako kunobunye ubuchwepheshe bebhethri futhi angaqhuma uma esetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele.Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ahlala ehlanganiswa abe amaphakethe webhethri anohlelo lokuphatha ibhethri.

Isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri (BMS) iyingxenye ye-elekthronikhi eqapha iphakethe lebhethri futhi ilawule ukushajwa nokushajwa.Amabhethri e-Li-ion aklanyelwe ukusebenza phakathi kuka-2.5 kuya ku-4.0 V. Ukushajwa ngokweqile noma ukushajwa ngokuphelele kunganciphisa ukuphila kwebhethri noma kubangele izimo eziyingozi zokubaleka ezishisayo.I-BMS kufanele igweme ukushajwa ngokweqile.I-BMS eminingi iphinde inqamule amandla ngaphambi kokuthi ibhethri likhishwe ngokugcwele ukuze kwelule ukuphila.Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abagibeli abaningi basazalisa amabhethri abo ngokungalokothi bawakhiphe ngokugcwele futhi basebenzise namashaja akhethekile ukuze balawule kahle isivinini sokushaja nenani.

Amasistimu okuphatha amabhethri athuthuke kakhulu azophinde aqaphe izinga lokushisa lephakethe futhi acuphe ukunqamuka uma ukushisa ngokweqile kwenzeka.

I-C-rate
Uma wenza ucwaningo ngokushajwa kwebhethri, kungenzeka uhlangabezane nesilinganiso esingu-C.I-C-rate ichaza ukuthi ibhethri ishajwa noma ishajwa ngokushesha kangakanani.Isibonelo, isilinganiso esingu-C sika-1C sisho ukuthi ibhethri lishajwa ehoreni elilodwa, u-2C uzosho ukushajwa ngokugcwele emahoreni angu-0.5, futhi u-0.5C uzosho ukushajwa ngokugcwele emahoreni amabili.Uma ushaje ngokugcwele ibhethri elingu-100 A·h usebenzisa u-100 A wamanje, kuzothatha ihora elilodwa kanti isilinganiso sika-C sizoba ngu-1C.

Impilo Yebhethri
Ibhethri le-Li-ion elijwayelekile lizokwazi ukuphatha imijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha engama-300 kuye kwangama-500 ngaphambi kokuncipha komthamo.Ngesikuta sikagesi esimaphakathi, lesi singamamayela angu-3000 kuya kwangu-10 000!Khumbula ukuthi “ukuncipha kwamandla” akusho “ukulahlekelwa yiwo wonke amandla,” kodwa kusho ukwehla okuqaphelekayo ngo-10 kuya ku-20% okuzoqhubeka nokuba kubi kakhulu.

Izinhlelo zesimanje zokuphatha ibhethri zisiza ukwelula impilo yebhethri futhi akufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokuyikhulisa.

Kodwa-ke, uma uzimisele ngokunweba impilo yebhethri ngangokunokwenzeka, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze udlule imijikelezo engama-500.Lokhu kubandakanya:

Ungasigcini isikuta sakho sishajwe ngokugcwele noma ishaja ixhunyiwe isikhathi eside.
Ungasigcini isikuta sikagesi silahliwe ngokuphelele.Amabhethri e-Li-ion awonakala uma ehla ngaphansi kuka-2.5 V. Abakhiqizi abaningi batusa ukugcina izikuta ezinokushajwa okungu-50%, futhi ziwanyuse afinyelele kuleli zinga ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze agcinwe isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ungayisebenzisi ibhethri le-scooter emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-32 F° noma ngaphezulu kuka-113 F°.
Shaja isikuta sakho ngesilinganiso esingu-C esiphansi, okusho ukuthi shaja ibhethri ngenani eliphansi uma liqhathaniswa nomthamo walo omkhulu wokugcina/ukuthuthukisa impilo yebhethri.Ukushaja nge-C-rate phakathi kwangaphansi kuka-1 kulungile.Amanye amashaja amafancier noma anesivinini esiphezulu akuvumela ukuthi ulawule lokhu.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokushaja isikuta sikagesi.

Isifinyezo

Okubalulekile okuthathwa ngakho lapha ukuthi ungalisebenzisi kabi ibhethri futhi lizohlala impilo ewusizo yesikuta.Sizwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zabantu mayelana nezikuta zabo zikagesi eziphukile futhi akuvamile ukuthi kube yinkinga yebhethri!