Uhlobo olusha lweibhethri yezimoto zikagesiNgokusho kocwaningo lwamuva nje, zingaphila isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu nabandayo.

Ososayensi bathi amabhethri angavumela ama-EV ukuthi ahambe ibanga elide ngokushaja okukodwa emazingeni okushisa abandayo - futhi angeke athambekele kakhulu ekushiseni kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Lokhu kuzoholela ekunciphiseni ukushaja njalo kwabashayeli bezimoto zikagesi kanye nokunikezaamabhethriimpilo ende.

Ithimba labacwaningi baseMelika lidale into entsha ekwazi ukumelana namakhemikhali kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi engezwa kumabhethri e-lithium anamandla aphezulu.

“Udinga ukusebenza ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingafinyelela khona izinombolo ezintathu futhi imigwaqo ishisa nakakhulu,” kusho umlobi omkhulu uSolwazi uZheng Chen wase-University of California-San Diego.

"Ezimotweni zikagesi, amabhethri ngokuvamile angaphansi komhlaba, eduze kwale migwaqo eshisayo. Futhi, amabhethri ayafudumala ngenxa yokuba nogesi ogeleza ngesikhathi sokusebenza."

"Uma amabhethri engakwazi ukubekezelela lokhu kufudumala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukusebenza kwawo kuzowohloka ngokushesha."

Ephepheni elishicilelwe ngoMsombuluko ephephabhukwini i-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, abacwaningi bachaza ukuthi ezivivinyweni, amabhethri agcine amaphesenti angu-87.5 kanye namaphesenti angu-115.9 amandla awo ku--40 Celsius (–104 Fahrenheit) kanye no-50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit) ngokulandelana.

Futhi babe nokusebenza kahle kwe-Coulombic okuphezulu ngamaphesenti angu-98.2 kanye namaphesenti angu-98.7 ngokulandelana, okusho ukuthi amabhethri angadlula emijikelezweni eminingi yokushaja ngaphambi kokuba ayeke ukusebenza.

Lokhu kungenxa ye-electrolyte eyenziwe ngosawoti we-lithium kanye ne-dibutyl ether, uketshezi olungenambala olusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto ezifana nemithi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane.

I-Dibutyl ether iyasiza ngoba ama-molecule ayo awadlali ibhola nama-ion e-lithium kalula njengoba ibhethri lisebenza futhi lithuthukisa ukusebenza kwalo emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-zero.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-dibutyl ether ingamelana kalula nokushisa lapho ibila khona okungu-141 Celsius (285.8 Fahrenheit) okusho ukuthi ihlala imanzi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Okwenza le electrolyte ibe ekhethekile kangaka ukuthi ingasetshenziswa nebhethri le-lithium-sulfur, elingashajwa kabusha futhi line-anode eyenziwe nge-lithium kanye ne-cathode eyenziwe nge-sulfur.

Ama-anode nama-cathode yizingxenye zebhethri lapho ugesi udlula khona.

Amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur ayisinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile kumabhethri e-EV ngoba angagcina amandla aphindwe kabili ngekhilogramu kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion amanje.

Lokhu kungandisa ububanzi bezimoto ze-EV kabili ngaphandle kokwandisa isisindo sazo.ibhethrifaka iphakethe ngenkathi ugcina izindleko ziphansi.

I-sulfur nayo iningi kakhulu futhi ibangela ukuhlupheka okuncane kwemvelo kanye nabantu emthonjeni kune-cobalt, esetshenziswa kuma-cathode ebhethri le-lithium-ion lendabuko.

Ngokuvamile, kunenkinga ngamabhethri e-lithium-sulfur – ama-cathode esibabule asabela kakhulu kangangokuthi ayancibilika lapho ibhethri lisebenza futhi lokhu kuba kubi kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Futhi ama-anode ensimbi ye-lithium angakha izakhiwo ezifana nenaliti ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-dendrites angabhoboza izingxenye zebhethri ngenxa yokuthi likwazi ukujikeleza i-short-circuit.

Ngenxa yalokho, lawa mabhethri ahlala isikhathi esingafika emashumini emijikelezo.

I-electrolyte ye-dibutyl ether eyakhiwe yithimba le-UC-San Diego ilungisa lezi zinkinga, ngisho noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu.

Amabhethri abawahlola ayesebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu kunebhethri elivamile le-lithium-sulfur.

“Uma ufuna ibhethri elinamandla amaningi, ngokuvamile udinga ukusebenzisa ikhemikhali enzima kakhulu neyinkimbinkimbi,” kusho uChen.

"Amandla aphezulu asho ukuthi kuyenzeka ukusabela okuningi, okusho ukuzinza okuncane, ukuwohloka okwengeziwe."

"Ukwenza ibhethri elinamandla aphezulu elizinzile kuwumsebenzi onzima ngokwawo - ukuzama ukwenza lokhu ngebanga lokushisa elibanzi kuyinselele nakakhulu."

"I-electrolyte yethu isiza ekuthuthukiseni uhlangothi lwe-cathode kanye nohlangothi lwe-anode ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuqina kwe-interfacial."

Ithimba liphinde laklama i-cathode yesibabule ukuze iqine kakhulu ngokuyixhuma ku-polymer. Lokhu kuvimbela isibabule esiningi ekuncibilikeni ku-electrolyte.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zifaka phakathi ukwandisa i-chemistry yebhethri ukuze isebenze emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu futhi izokwandisa impilo yomjikelezo.