Uhlobo olusha lweibhethri lezimoto zikagesiingaphila isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa ashisayo nabandayo, ngokocwaningo lwakamuva.

Ososayensi bathi amabhethri azovumela ama-EV ukuthi ahambe ibanga elide ekhokhiswa okukodwa emazingeni okushisa abandayo - futhi ngeke athambekele kakhulu ekushiseni ngokweqile ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Lokhu kuzoholela ekushajweni okungajwayelekile kubashayeli be-EV kanye nokunikezaamabhethriimpilo ende.

Ithimba labacwaningi baseMelika lenze into entsha ekwazi ukumelana namakhemikhali emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi yengezwa kumabhethri e-lithium anamandla amakhulu.

"Udinga ukusebenza okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingafinyelela amadijithi amathathu futhi imigwaqo ishisa nakakhulu," kusho umlobi ophezulu uSolwazi Zheng Chen waseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia-San Diego.

“Ezimotweni zikagesi, amaphakethe ebhethri ngokuvamile angaphansi kwesitezi, eduze kwale migwaqo eshisayo.Futhi, amabhethri ayafudumala ngenxa nje yokugijima kwamanje ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

"Uma amabhethri engakwazi ukubekezelela lokhu kufudumala ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusebenza kwawo kuzokwehla ngokushesha."

Ephepheni elishicilelwe ngoMsombuluko ephephabhukwini iProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, abacwaningi bachaza ukuthi ezivivinyweni, amabhethri agcina kanjani amaphesenti angama-87.5 kanye namaphesenti angama-115.9 wamandla awo eku--40 Celsius (-104 Fahrenheit) naku-50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit). ) ngokulandelana.

Baphinde babe nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-Coulombic okungamaphesenti angama-98.2 namaphesenti angama-98.7 ngokulandelana, okusho ukuthi amabhethri angadlula kumjikelezo wokushaja owengeziwe ngaphambi kokuba ayeke ukusebenza.

Lokhu kungenxa ye-electrolyte eyenziwe ngosawoti we-lithium kanye ne-dibutyl ether, uketshezi olungenambala olusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okuthile okufana nemithi nezibulala-zinambuzane.

I-Dibutyl ether iyasiza ngoba ama-molecule ayo awadlali ibhola nge-lithium ions kalula njengoba ibhethri ligijima futhi lithuthukisa ukusebenza kwalo emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kweziro.

Futhi, i-dibutyl ether ingamelana kalula nokushisa endaweni yayo yokubila engu-141 Celsius (285.8 Fahrenheit) kusho ukuthi ihlala imanzi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Okwenza le electrolyte ikhetheke kakhulu ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngebhethri ye-lithium-sulphur, ekwazi ukushajwa futhi ene-anode eyenziwe nge-lithium kanye ne-cathode eyenziwe ngesulfure.

Ama-anode nama-cathodes yizingxenye zebhethri okudlula kuzo amandla kagesi.

Amabhethri e-lithium-sulphur ayisinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile kumabhethri e-EV ngoba angagcina amandla aphindwe kabili ngekhilogremu kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion amanje.

Lokhu kungaphinda kabili ububanzi be-EVs ngaphandle kokwandisa isisindoibhethripakisha ngenkathi ugcina izindleko ziphansi.

Isibabule siphinde sibe siningi futhi sibangela ukuhlupheka okuncane kwemvelo kanye nabantu emthonjeni kune-cobalt, esetshenziswa ku-cathodes yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yendabuko.

Ngokuvamile, kunenkinga ngamabhethri e-lithium-sulfur - ama-sulfur cathodes asebenza kakhulu kangangokuthi ayancibilika lapho ibhethri isebenza futhi lokhu kuba kubi kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Futhi i-lithium metal anode ingakha izakhiwo ezifana nenaliti ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-dendrites ezingabhoboza izingxenye zebhethri ngenxa yokuthi i-short-circuit.

Ngenxa yalokho, lawa mabhethri ahlala kuphela kuze kube amashumi emijikelezo.

I-electrolyte ye-dibutyl ether eyakhiwe ithimba le-UC-San Diego ilungisa lezi zinkinga, ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa.

Amabhethri abawahlolile abenokuhamba ngebhayisikili okude kakhulu kunebhethri elivamile le-lithium-sulphur.

"Uma ufuna ibhethri elinamandla aphezulu, ngokuvamile udinga ukusebenzisa i-chemistry enokhahlo, eyinkimbinkimbi," kusho u-Chen.

“Amandla aphezulu asho ukuthi kuningi ukusabela okwenzekayo, okusho ukuthi ukuzinza okuncane, ukuwohloka okwengeziwe.

“Ukwenza ibhethri elinamandla amakhulu elizinzile kuwumsebenzi onzima ngokwako – ukuzama ukwenza lokhu ngezinga lokushisa elibanzi kuyinselele nakakhulu.

"I-electrolyte yethu isiza ukuthuthukisa uhlangothi lwe-cathode nohlangothi lwe-anode ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuphezulu nokuzinza kobuso."

Ithimba liphinde lakha i-sulphur cathode ukuze izinze ngokuxhunyelelwa ku-polymer.Lokhu kuvimbela isibabule esiningi ekuncibilikeni ku-electrolyte.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zihlanganisa ukukhuphula ikhemistri yebhethri ukuze isebenze emazingeni okushisa aphakeme nakakhulu futhi izokwandisa impilo yomjikelezo.