Abenzi bezimoto kusukela eTesla kuya eRivian kuya eCadillac banyusa amanani ezimotweni zabo zikagesi phakathi kwezimo zemakethe ezishintshayo kanye nezindleko zezimpahla ezikhuphukayo, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ukuzeAmabhethri e-EV.

Amanani ebhethri abelokhu ehla iminyaka eminingi, kodwa lokho kungase kushintshe. Enye inkampani ibikezela ukwanda okukhulu kwesidingo samaminerali ebhethri eminyakeni emine ezayo okungakhuphula intengo yamaseli ebhethri e-EV ngaphezu kuka-20%. Lokho kungaphezu kwamanani asevele ekhuphuka ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlobene nebhethri, umphumela wokuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa okuhlobene ne-Covid kanye nokuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine.

Izindleko eziphakeme zenze abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi bakhuphula amanani abo, okwenza izimoto ezibizayo kakade zingabi shibhile kubantu baseMelika abavamile futhi umbuzo uwukuthi, ingabe ukunyuka kwamanani ezimpahla kuzoyinciphisa inguquko yezimoto zikagesi?

Ukudlulisa izindleko

Umholi wemboni iTesla usebenze iminyaka eminingi ukwehlisa izindleko zezimoto zayo, okuyingxenye "yohlelo lwayo oluyimfihlo" lokukhuthaza ushintsho lomhlaba wonke ekuthuthweni kwegesi engenawo ugesi. Kodwa ngisho nayo kudingeke ukuthi inyuse amanani ayo izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka odlule, okuhlanganisa kabili ngoMashi ngemuva kokuba i-CEO u-Elon Musk exwayise ngokuthi iTesla ne-SpaceX "zibona ingcindezi enkulu yamuva nje yokwehla kwamandla emali" emananini ezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezindleko zokuhamba.

Iningi lamaTesla manje selibiza kakhulu kunasekuqaleni kuka-2021. Inguqulo eshibhile kakhulu ye-“Standard Range” yeModel 3, imoto engabizi kakhulu yeTesla, manje iqala ku-$46,990 e-US, ikhuphuke ngo-23% isuka ku-$38,190 ngoFebhuwari 2021.

URivian wayengomunye wabantu abaqale ukwenyusa amanani, kodwa ukuthutha kwakhe kwakunempikiswano. Le nkampani yathi ngoMashi 1 ukuthi zombili izinhlobo zayo zabathengi, i-R1T pickup kanye ne-R1S SUV, zizokwenyuka kakhulu amanani, zisebenze ngokushesha. I-R1T izokwenyuka ngo-18% iye ku-$79,500, kusho yona, kanti i-R1S izokwenyuka ngo-21% iye ku-$84,500.

URivian ngesikhathi esifanayo umemezele izinhlobo ezintsha ezishibhile zazo zombili izinhlobo, ezinezici ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile kanye nezinjini ezimbili zikagesi esikhundleni sezine, ezinentengo engu-$67,500 kanye no-$72,500 ngokulandelana, eziseduze namanani okuqala ezingane zabo ezinezimoto ezine ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukulungiswa kwavusa amahloni: Ekuqaleni, uRivian wathi ukwenyuka kwamanani kuzosebenza kuma-oda abekwe ngaphambi kukaMashi 1 kanye nama-oda amasha, empeleni aphindeke kabili kubanikazi bokubhuka abakhona ukuze bathole imali eyengeziwe. Kodwa ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuphindisela emuva, i-CEO uRJ Scaringe waxolisa wathi uRivian uzohlonipha amanani amadala ama-oda abekwe kakade.

“Ekukhulumeni nabaningi kini ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule, ngiyaqaphela futhi ngiyaqaphela ukuthi abaningi kini bazizwe bephatheke kabi kangakanani,” kubhala uScaringe encwadini ayibhalela abathintekayo baseRivian. “Selokhu saqala ukubeka isakhiwo sethu samanani, futhi ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zamuva nje, kuningi okushintshile. Konke kusukela kuma-semiconductors kuya kuma-sheet metal kuya ezihlalweni sekubize kakhulu.”

I-Lucid Group iphinde idlulisele ezinye zalezo zindleko eziphakeme kubathengi abahle kakhulu bezimoto zayo ezibizayo zokunethezeka.

Le nkampani ithe ngoMeyi 5 ukuthi izonyusa amanani azo zonke izinhlobo ze-Air luxury sedan yayo ngaphandle kweyodwa cishe ngo-10% kuya ku-12% kumakhasimende ase-US abeka ukubhukha kwawo ngomhlaka-1 Juni noma ngemva kwawo. Mhlawumbe ekhumbula ukushintsha kukaRivian, i-CEO yeLucid uPeter Rawlinson yaqinisekisa amakhasimende ukuthi iLucid izohlonipha amanani ayo amanje kunoma yikuphi ukubhukha okwenziwe kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi.

Amakhasimende abhukha i-Lucid Air ngomhlaka-1 kuJuni noma kamuva azokhokha u-$154,000 ngenguqulo ye-Grand Touring, kusukela ku-$139,000; u-$107,400 nge-trim ye-Air in Touring, kusukela ku-$95,000; noma u-$87,400 ngenguqulo engabizi kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Air Pure, kusukela ku-$77,400.

Intengo yohlobo olusha olusezingeni eliphezulu olwamenyezelwa ngo-Ephreli, i-Air Grand Touring Performance, ayishintshile ku-$179,000, kodwa - naphezu kwemininingwane efanayo - ingaphezulu ngo-$10,000 kune-Air Dream Edition esetshenzisiwe esikhundleni sayo.

“Umhlaba ushintshe kakhulu kusukela ngesikhathi simemezela okokuqala iLucid Air emuva ngoSepthemba 2020,” kusho uRawlinson etshela abatshalizimali ngesikhathi kuqhubeka isicelo senkampani sokuthola imali.

Inzuzo yefa

Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaziwayo emhlabeni wonke banezomnotho omkhulu kunezinkampani ezifana neLucid noma iRivian futhi abakaze bathinteke kakhulu ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko ezihlobene nebhethri. Nabo, bazizwa becindezelekile ngentengo, yize bedlulisela izindleko kubathengi ngezinga elincane.

I-General Motors ngoMsombuluko inyuse intengo yokuqala ye-Cadillac Lyriq crossover EV yayo, yakhuphula ama-oda amasha ngo-$3,000 yaya ku-$62,990. Lokhu kunyuka akubandakanyi ukuthengiswa kwenguqulo yokuqala.

UMengameli weCadillac uRory Harvey, echaza ukunyuka kwamanani, uphawule ukuthi inkampani manje ifaka isiphakamiso esingu-$1,500 kubanikazi sokufaka amashaja emakhaya (yize amakhasimende enguqulo yokuqala eshibhile nawo azonikezwa lesi sivumelwano). Uphinde wabhekisela ezimweni zangaphandle zemakethe kanye namanani okuncintisana njengezici zokwenyusa intengo.

I-GM ixwayise ngesikhathi socingo lwayo lwemali engenayo yekota yokuqala ngenyanga edlule ukuthi ilindele ukuthi izindleko zezimpahla zizonke ngo-2022 zifike ku-$5 billion, okuphindwe kabili kunalokho okwabikezelwa yinkampani yezimoto ngaphambilini.

“Angicabangi ukuthi kwakuyinto eyodwa kuphela,” kusho uHarvey ngesikhathi ekhuluma nabezindaba ngoMsombuluko ememezela izinguquko zentengo, enezela ngokuthi inkampani ibilokhu ihlela ukulungisa intengo ngemuva kokuqala kwayo. “Ngicabanga ukuthi kunezinto eziningana ezicatshangelwayo.”

Ukusebenza kanye nemininingwane ye-Lyriq entsha ka-2023 akukashintshi kusukela kumodeli yokuqala, esho. Kodwa ukwenyuka kwentengo kuyenza ihambisane nentengo ye-Tesla Model Y, i-GM ebeka i-Lyriq ukuncintisana nayo.

I-Ford Motor ephikisana nayo yenze amanani abe yingxenye ebalulekile yesiphakamiso sayo sokuthengisa iveni entsha kagesi i-F-150 Lightning pickup. Abahlaziyi abaningi bamangala ngonyaka odlule lapho iFord ithi i-F-150 Lightning, esanda kuqala ukuthunyelwa kubathengisi, izoqala ku-$39,974 kuphela.

UDarren Palmer, iphini likamongameli we-Ford wezinhlelo ze-EV zomhlaba wonke, uthe inkampani ihlela ukugcina amanani - njengoba ikwenzile kuze kube manje - kodwa ibhekene nezindleko zezimpahla "ezingenangqondo", njengawo wonke umuntu.

I-Ford ngenyanga edlule ithe ilindele u-$4 billion ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kulo nyaka, kusukela esibikezelweni sangaphambilini sama-$1.5 billion kuya ku-$2 billion.

“Sizoqhubeka nokukugcina ukuze kutholakale kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa kuzodingeka siphendule ngezimpahla, ngiyaqiniseka,” kusho uPalmer etshela i-CNBC ngesikhathi kuxoxwa naye ekuqaleni kwale nyanga.

Uma i-Lightning ibona ukwenyuka kwentengo, abanikazi bezindawo zokubhukha abangu-200,000 abakhona cishe bazosinda. UPalmer uthe iFord yaqaphela ukusabela kukaRivian.

Amaketanga okuhlinzeka asunguliwe

I-Lyriq kanye ne-F-150 Lightning kuyimikhiqizo emisha, enezindlela ezintsha zokuhlinzeka - okwamanje - eziye zaveza abakhiqizi bezimoto ekukhuphukeni kwamanani ezimpahla. Kodwa kwezinye izimoto ezindala zikagesi, njenge-Chevrolet Bolt kanye ne-Nissan Leaf, abakhiqizi bezimoto bakwazile ukugcina ukunyuka kwamanani abo kuphansi naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme.

I-Bolt EV ka-2022 ye-GM iqala ku-$31,500, ikhuphuke ngo-$500 kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka wemodeli, kodwa yehle cishe ngo-$5,000 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka wemodeli odlule futhi ishibhile cishe ngo-$6,000 kunangesikhathi imoto yethulwa okokuqala ngonyaka wemodeli ka-2017. I-GM ayikakamemezeli intengo ye-Bolt EV ka-2023.

INissan ithe ngenyanga edlule inguqulo ebuyekeziwe yeLeaf yayo kagesi, ebilokhu ithengiswa e-US kusukela ngo-2010, izogcina amanani okuqala afanayo kumamodeli azayo emoto ka-2023. Amamodeli amanje aqala ku-$27,400 kanye no-$35,400.

Usihlalo weNissan Americas uJeremie Papin uthe okubaluleke kakhulu enkampanini mayelana namanani ukwamukela ukwanda okukhulu kwentengo yangaphandle ngangokunokwenzeka, okuhlanganisa nezimoto zesikhathi esizayo njenge-Ariya EV yayo ezayo. I-Ariya ka-2023 izoqala ku-$45,950 uma ifika e-US ngasekupheleni kwalonyaka.

“Lokho kuhlale kuyinto eza kuqala,” kusho uPapin etshela i-CNBC. “Yilokho esigxile kukho… kuyiqiniso nge-ICE njengoba kunjalo ngezimoto ze-EV. Sifuna nje ukuthengisa izimoto ngentengo encintisanayo nangenani lazo eligcwele.”