Abakhiqizi bezimoto abasuka eTesla baya eRivian baya eCadillac bagibela amanani ezimotweni zabo zikagesi phakathi nokushintsha kwezimo zemakethe kanye nezindleko zempahla ekhuphukayo, ikakhulukazi izinto ezibalulekile ezidingekayoAmabhethri e-EV.

Izintengo zebhethri bezilokhu zehla iminyaka, kodwa lokho kungase kushintshe.Ifemu eyodwa iphrojekthi yokwenyuka okukhulu kwesidingo samaminerali ebhethri eminyakeni emine ezayo okungase kwenyuse intengo yamaseli ebhethri e-EV ngaphezulu kwama-20%.Lokho kungaphezulu kwezintengo ezivele zikhuphuka zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlobene nebhethri, umphumela wokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain okuhlobene ne-Covid kanye nokuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine.

Izindleko eziphakeme zenza abanye abenzi bezimoto zikagesi bakhuphule amanani abo, okwenza izimoto ezibizayo kakade zingabizi kakhulu kubantu baseMelika abavamile futhi babuze umbuzo, ingabe ukukhuphuka kwentengo yempahla kuzonciphisa uguquko lwezimoto zikagesi?

Ukudlulisa izindleko kuyaqhubeka

Umholi wemboni u-Tesla usebenze iminyaka ukwehlisa izindleko zezimoto zakhe, okuyingxenye "yesu elihle eliyimfihlo" lokukhuthaza ukuguquguquka komhlaba wonke ekuthuthweni kwe-zero-emissions.Kodwa noma kunjalo kuye kwadingeka ukuthi inyuse amanani ayo izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka odlule, okuhlanganisa kabili ngoMashi ngemva kokuba i-CEO u-Elon Musk exwayise ngokuthi bobabili uTesla no-SpaceX "babona ingcindezi yakamuva yokwehla kwamandla emali" kumanani entengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezindleko zokuhamba.

Iningi lama-Tesla manje selibiza kakhulu kunasekuqaleni kuka-2021. Inguqulo eshibhile kakhulu ye-“Standard Range” ye-Model 3, imoto ethengeka kakhulu yakwaTesla, manje iqala ku-$46,990 e-US, ikhuphuke ngo-23% isuka ku-$38,190 ngoFebhuwari 2021.

U-Rivian wayengomunye owasheshe wasuka ekwenyukeni kwentengo, kodwa umnyakazo wakhe awuzange ube ngaphandle kwempikiswano.Le nkampani yathi ngoMashi 1 zombili izinhlobo zayo zabathengi, iveni i-R1T ne-R1S SUV, zizothola ukwenyuswa kwamanani aphakeme, ukusebenza ngokushesha.I-R1T izogxuma ngo-18% iye ku-$79,500, kusho, kanti i-R1S izogxuma ngo-21% iye ku-$84,500.

U-Rivian ngesikhathi esifanayo umemezele izinhlobo ezintsha ezingabizi kakhulu zazo zombili izinhlobo, ezinezici ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile kanye namamotho kagesi amabili esikhundleni samane, anenani elingu-$67,500 no-$72,500 ngokulandelana, eduze nezintengo zangempela zezingane zakubo ezinezimoto ezine.

Ukulungiswa kwaphakamisa amashiya: Ekuqaleni, uRivian wathi ukunyuswa kwentengo kuzosebenza kuma-oda afakwe ngaphambi kukaMashi 1 kanye nama-oda amasha, okuphindeka kabili kubanikazi bokubhuka abakhona ukuze bathole imali eyengeziwe.Kodwa ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuhlehla kamuva, i-CEO u-RJ Scaringe waxolisa futhi wathi u-Rivian uzohlonipha amanani amadala ama-oda asevele efakiwe.

“Ekukhulumeni nabaningi benu kulezi zinsuku ezimbili ezidlule, ngibona ngokugcwele futhi ngiyavuma ukuthi abaningi benu baphatheke kabi kangakanani,” kubhala uScaringe encwadini ayibhalela ababambiqhaza baseRivian.“Kusukela ekuqaleni sabeka ukwakheka kwethu kwamanani entengo, futhi ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ezedlule, kuningi okushintshile.Yonke into kusukela kuma-semiconductors kuya kwezinsimbi zeshidi kuya ezihlalweni isibiza kakhulu.”

I-Lucid Group iphinde idlulisele ezinye zalezo zindleko eziphakeme kubathengi abanezithende ezinhle zama-sedans ayo abizayo.

Inkampani yathi ngoMeyi 5 izonyusa amanani azo zonke izinhlobo ngaphandle kohlobo olulodwa lwe-Air luxury sedan cishe ngo-10% kuya ku-12% kumakhasimende ase-US afaka ukubhuka kwawo ngoJuni 1 noma ngemva kwawo. Isikhulu se-Lucid u-Peter Rawlinson uqinisekise amakhasimende ukuthi uLucid uzohlonipha amanani ayo amanje nganoma yikuphi ukubhukha okubekwe ekupheleni kukaMeyi.

Amakhasimende abhukha i-Lucid Air ngoJuni 1 noma kamuva azokhokha u-$154,000 wenguqulo ye-Grand Touring, esuka ku-$139,000;$107,400 ye-Air in Touring trim, isuka ku-$95,000;noma u-$87,400 wenguqulo engabizi kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Air Pure, isuka ku-$77,400.

Intengo ye-trim entsha yezinga eliphezulu eyamenyezelwa ngo-Ephreli, i-Air Grand Touring Performance, ayishintshile ku-$179,000, kodwa - naphezu kwezici ezifanayo - ibiza u-$10,000 ngaphezu kwe-Air Dream Edition elinganiselwe ethathelwe indawo.

"Umhlaba usushintshe kakhulu kusukela ngesikhathi siqala ukumemezela iLucid Air ngoSepthemba 2020," kusho uRawlinson etshela abatshalizimali ngesikhathi inkampani ibamba ucingo.

Inzuzo yefa

Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaziwayo bomhlaba wonke banomnotho omkhulu kunezinkampani ezifana ne-Lucid noma i-Rivian futhi abakaze bashaywe kanzima ngokunyuka kwezindleko ezihlobene nebhethri.Nabo, bazwa ingcindezi yentengo, nakuba bedlulisela izindleko kubathengi ngezinga elincane.

IGeneral Motors ngoMsombuluko inyuse intengo yokuqala ye-Cadillac Lyriq crossover EV yayo, inyusa ama-oda amasha ngo-$3,000 kuya ku-$62,990.Ukwenyuka akufaki ukuthengiswa kwenguqulo yokuqala.

UMongameli we-Cadillac uRory Harvey, lapho echaza lokhu kunyuka, uphawule ukuthi inkampani manje isihlanganisa nesipho sika-$1,500 sokuthi abanikazi bafake amashaja asekhaya (yize amakhasimende enguqulo yokuqala enenani eliphansi nawo azonikezwa isivumelwano).Ubalule nezimo zemakethe zangaphandle kanye namanani ancintisanayo njengezici zokukhuphula intengo.

I-GM ixwayise ngesikhathi ihola ikota yokuqala ngenyanga edlule ukuthi ilindele ukuthi izindleko zempahla ngo-2022 zifike ku-$5 billion, okuphindwe kabili lokho okwabikezelwa umenzi wezimoto.

"Angicabangi ukuthi bekuyinto eyodwa ukuzihlukanisa," kusho uHarvey esithangamini nabezindaba ngoMsombuluko lapho ememezela izinguquko zentengo, wengeza ngokuthi inkampani ibihlezi ihlela ukulungisa ithegi yentengo ngemuva kokudalulwa."Ngicabanga ukuthi bekuyizinto eziningi ezicatshangelwe."

Ukusebenza kanye nokucaciswa kwe-Lyriq entsha ka-2023 akushintshile kumodeli yokuqala, kusho yena.Kodwa ukwenyuka kwentengo kuyibeka eduze nentengo ye-Tesla Model Y, i-GM ibeka i-Lyriq ukuthi iqhudelane nayo.

I-Rival Ford Motor yenze izintengo zaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuthengiswa kwayo kwemoto entsha kagesi i-F-150 Lightning.Abahlaziyi abaningi bamangala ngonyaka odlule lapho abakwaFord bethi iF-150 Lightning, esanda kuqala ukuthunyelwa kubathengisi, izoqala ku-$39,974 nje kuphela.

UDarren Palmer, iphini likamongameli weFord wezinhlelo zomhlaba wonke ze-EV, uthe inkampani ihlela ukugcina amanani entengo - njengoba yenze kuze kube manje - kodwa ingaphansi kwezindleko zempahla "ezohlanya", njengawo wonke umuntu.

AbakwaFord ngenyanga edlule bathe balindele ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine zamarandi kulo nyaka, kusukela esibikezelweni sangaphambilini sika-$1.5 billion kuya ku-$2 billion.

"Sisazoyigcinela wonke umuntu, kodwa kuzofanele sisabele ezimpahleni, ngiqinisekile," uPalmer utshele i-CNBC ngesikhathi enenhlolokhono ekuqaleni kwale nyanga.

Uma i-Lightning ibona ukunyuka kwentengo, abanikazi bokubhuka abakhona abangu-200,000 cishe bazosinda.UPalmer uthe uFord ukubonile ukuhlehla kuRivian.

Amaketanga okuhlinzeka asunguliwe

I-Lyriq kanye ne-F-150 Lightning yimikhiqizo emisha, enamaketanga amasha okuhlinzeka - okwamanje - aveze abakhiqizi bezimoto ekukhuphukeni kwamanani entengo yempahla.Kodwa kwezinye izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezindala, njengeChevrolet Bolt neNissan Leaf, abakhi bezimoto bakwazile ukugcina ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo kusezingeni eliphansi naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme.

I-GM's 2022 Bolt EV iqala ku-$31,500, ikhuphuke ngo-$500 kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka wemodeli, kodwa yehle cishe ngo-$5,000 uma iqhathaniswa nonyaka wemodeli odlule futhi ishibhe cishe ngo-$6,000 kunangesikhathi imoto yethulwa okokuqala ngonyaka wemodeli ka-2017.I-GM ayikamemezeli amanani entengo ye-2023 Bolt EV.

AbakwaNissan bathi ngenyanga edlule inguqulo ebuyekeziwe ye-electric Leaf, edayiswa e-US kusukela ngo-2010, izogcina amanani afanayo okuqala ezinhlobo zemoto ezizayo zika-2023.Amamodeli amanje aqala ku-$27,400 naku-$35,400.

Usihlalo wakwaNissan Americas, uJeremie Papin, uthe okuhamba phambili kwenkampani ekudaleni amanani wukuthi ithathe ingxenye enkulu yokwenyuka kwamanani angaphandle, okuhlanganisa nezimoto ezizayo njenge-Ariya EV ezayo.I-Ariya ka-2023 izoqala ku-$45,950 uma ifika e-US ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulo nyaka.

"Lokho kuhlale kuyinto ehamba phambili," kusho uPapin etshela i-CNBC.“Yilokho esigxile ekukwenzeni … kuyiqiniso ku-ICE njengoba kunjalo kuma-EVs.Sifuna nje ukudayisa izimoto ngenani eligculisayo kanye nenani lazo eliphelele.”