Imfihlo yempilo ende yamabhethri aphinde ashajwe ingase ilele ekwamukeleni umehluko.Ukumodela okusha kokuthi amaseli e-lithium-ion ephaketheni ehlisa izinga abonisa indlela yokushintshanisa ukushaja kumthamo weseli ngalinye ukuze amabhethri e-EV akwazi ukuphatha imijikelezo yokushaja eyengeziwe futhi agweme ukwehluleka.

Ucwaningo, olushicilelwe Nov. 5 inI-IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, ibonisa ukuthi ukuphatha ngenkuthalo kangakanani inani lamandla kagesi agelezayo kuseli ngalinye ephaketheni, kunokuletha ukushaja ngokufanayo, kunganciphisa ukuguga nokukhala.Indlela esebenza ngayo ivumela iseli ngalinye ukuthi liphile impilo yalo engcono kakhulu - futhi ende kunazo zonke.

Ngokusho kukaprofesa waseStanford kanye nomlobi wocwaningo oluphezulu uSimona Onori, ukulingisa kokuqala kuphakamisa ukuthi amabhethri aphethwe ngobuchwepheshe obusha angakwazi ukuphatha okungenani imijikelezo yokushaja engu-20% ngaphezulu, ngisho nokushaja okusheshayo okuvamile, okufaka ubunzima obuningi ebhethrini.

Imizamo eminingi yangaphambilini yokwelula impilo yebhethri yemoto kagesi igxile ekuthuthukiseni idizayini, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaseli angawodwa, ngokusekelwe esicathulweni sokuthi, njengezixhumanisi kuketango, iphakethe lebhethri lihle kuphela njengeseli elibuthaka kakhulu.Ucwaningo olusha luqala ngokuqonda ukuthi nakuba izixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka zingenakugwenywa - ngenxa yokungapheleli kokukhiqiza futhi ngenxa yokuthi amanye amaseli wonakala ngokushesha kunamanye njengoba echayeke ezingcindezini ezinjengokushisa - akudingeki ehlise iphakethe lonke.Isihluthulelo siwukwenza izilinganiso zokushaja zifanele umthamo oyingqayizivele weseli ngalinye ukuze ugweme ukwehluleka.

"Uma kungasingathwanga kahle, i-cell-to-cell heterogeneity ingalimaza impilo ende, impilo, kanye nokuphepha kwebhethri futhi kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwephakethe lebhethri," kusho u-Onori, ongumsizi kaprofesa wobunjiniyela besayensi yamandla eStanford Doerr. Isikole Sokusimama."Indlela yethu ilinganisa amandla kuseli ngalinye ephaketheni, ilethe wonke amaseli esimweni sokugcina esihlosiwe sokukhokha ngendlela elinganiselayo futhi ithuthukisa impilo ende yephakethe."

Igqugquzelwe ukwakha ibhethri lamamayela ayisigidi

Ingxenye yomfutho ocwaningweni olusha isuka esimemezelweni sika-2020 sikaTesla, inkampani yezimoto zikagesi, yomsebenzi “ngebhethri lesigidi samamayela.”Lokhu kungaba ibhethri elikwazi ukunika imoto amandla amamayela ayizigidi ezingu-1 noma ngaphezulu (ngokushajwa okuvamile) ngaphambi kokufinyelela endaweni lapho, njengebhethri ye-lithium-ion ocingweni oludala noma ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, ibhethri le-EV libamba ukushajwa okuncane kakhulu ukuze lisebenze. .

Ibhethri elinjalo lingadlula iwaranti evamile yabakhi bezimoto yamabhethri emoto kagesi yeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili noma amamayela ayi-100,000.Nakuba amaphakethe ebhethri ehlala edlula iwaranti yawo, ukuzethemba kwabathengi ezimotweni zikagesi kungase kuqiniswe uma ukushintshwa kwephakethe lebhethri elibizayo kuba yivelakancane.Ibhethri elisengakwazi ukushaja ngemva kokushajwa kabusha kwezinkulungwane lingase futhi yenze lula indlela yokufakwa kukagesi amaloli ahamba isikhathi eside, kanye nokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo ezibizwa nge-car-to-grid systems, lapho amabhethri e-EV azogcina futhi athumele amandla avuselelekayo igridi yamandla.

"Kamuva kwachazwa ukuthi umqondo webhethri wamamayela ayisigidi kwakungeyona ikhemistri entsha, kodwa indlela nje yokusebenzisa ibhethri ngokungalenzi ishaje ngokugcwele," kusho u-Onori.Ucwaningo oluhlobene lugxile kumaseli e-lithium-ion eyodwa, ngokuvamile angalahlekelwa umthamo wokushaja ngokushesha njengoba kwenza amaphakethe ebhethri agcwele.

Emangele, u-Onori kanye nabacwaningi ababili kulebhu yakhe - isazi se-postdoctoral u-Vahid Azimi kanye nesitshudeni se-PhD u-Anirudh Allam - banqume ukuphenya ukuthi ukuphathwa kokusungulwa kwezinhlobo zamabhethri akhona kungathuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza nempilo yesevisi yephakethe lebhethri eligcwele, elingaqukatha amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamaseli. .

Imodeli yebhethri ethembekile

Njengesinyathelo sokuqala, abacwaningi benza imodeli yekhompiyutha ethembekile kakhulu yokuziphatha kwebhethri emele ngokunembile izinguquko ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwebhethri ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo.Ezinye zalezi zinguquko zenzeka ngemizuzwana noma imizuzu - ezinye phakathi nezinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka.

"Ngolwazi lwethu olungcono kakhulu, akukho cwaningo lwangaphambilini oluye lwasebenzisa uhlobo lokuthembeka okuphezulu, imodeli yebhethri ye-multi-timescale esiyidalile," kusho u-Onori, ongumqondisi we-Stanford Energy Control Lab.

Ukulingisa okusebenzayo ngemodeli kuphakamise ukuthi iphekhi yebhethri yesimanje ingathuthukiswa futhi ilawulwe ngokwamukela umehluko phakathi kwamaseli akhona.U-Onori nozakwabo babona ngeso lengqondo imodeli yabo isetshenziselwe ukuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri eminyakeni ezayo ezingasatshalaliswa kalula emiklamweni yezimoto ezikhona.

Akuzona nje izimoto zikagesi ezizohlomula.Cishe noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza “olucindezela kakhulu iphakethe lebhethri” lungaba ikhandidethi elihle lokuphatha kangcono elaziswa imiphumela emisha, kusho u-Onori.Isibonelo esisodwa?Indiza efana ne-Drone ethatha ugesi iqonde mpo futhi ihlale phansi, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-eVTOL, abanye osomabhizinisi abalindele ukuthi isebenze njengamatekisi omoya futhi inikeze ezinye izinsiza zokuhamba emoyeni zasemadolobheni phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo.Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zamabhethri e-lithium-ion angaphinda ashajwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhamba kwezindiza okuvamile nokugcinwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu samandla avuselelekayo.

"Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asevele ewushintshile umhlaba ngezindlela eziningi," kusho u-Onori.“Kubalulekile ukuthi sithole okuningi ngokusemandleni ethu kulobu buchwepheshe obuletha uguquko kanye nalabo abazongena esikhundleni sabo.”