Amabhethri e-lithium ion aphinde ashajwa asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla izinto eziningi zikagesi ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, kusukela kumalaptop namaselula kuya ezimotweni zikagesi.Amabhethri e-lithium ion emakethe namuhla ngokuvamile ancike kusisombululo esiwuketshezi, esibizwa nge-electrolyte, enkabeni yeseli.

Uma ibhethri inika amandla idivayisi, ama-ion e-lithium asuka ekugcineni okushajwe kabi, noma i-anode, adlule ku-electrolyte ewuketshezi, aye ekugcineni okuchajwe kahle, noma i-cathode.Lapho ibhethri ishajwa kabusha, ama-ion ageleza ngakolunye uhlangothi ukusuka ku-cathode, ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte, kuya ku-anode.

Amabhethri e-lithium ion athembele kuma-electrolyte awuketshezi anenkinga enkulu yokuphepha: angabamba umlilo uma eshajwe ngokweqile noma efinyezwa ngokushesha.Enye indlela ephephile kuma-electrolyte awuketshezi ukwakha ibhethri esebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinile ukuthwala ama-ion e-lithium phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode.

Kodwa-ke, izifundo zangaphambilini zithole ukuthi i-electrolyte eqinile iholele ekukhuleni okuncane kwensimbi, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-dendrites, okungakheka ku-anode ngenkathi ibhethri lisashaja.Lawa ma-dendrites azungeza amabhethri kumaza aphansi, awenze angasebenziseki.

Ukukhula kwe-dendrite kuqala emaphutheni amancane ku-electrolyte emngceleni ophakathi kwe-electrolyte ne-anode.Ososayensi baseNdiya basanda kuthola indlela yokunciphisa ukukhula kwe-dendrite.Ngokungeza ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi phakathi kwe-electrolyte ne-anode, bangamisa ama-dendrite ukuthi akhule abe yi-anode.

Ososayensi bakhethe ukutadisha i-aluminium ne-tungsten njengezinsimbi ezingaba khona ukuze kwakhiwe lolu ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ayikho i-aluminium noma i-tungsten mix, noma i-alloy, ene-lithium.Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzokwehlisa amathuba okuba namaphutha akheke ku-lithium.Uma insimbi ekhethiwe yenza ingxubevange nge-lithium, amanani amancane e-lithium angangena ongqimbeni lwensimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Lokhu kuzoshiya uhlobo lwephutha elibizwa ngokuthi i-void ku-lithium lapho i-dendrite ingase yakheke khona.

Ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kongqimba lwensimbi, izinhlobo ezintathu zamabhethri zahlanganiswa: eyodwa inongqimba oluncane lwe-aluminium phakathi kwe-lithium anode ne-electrolyte eqinile, enye enongqimba oluncane lwe-tungsten, kanti enye ingenawo ungqimba lwensimbi.

Ngaphambi kokuhlola amabhethri, ososayensi basebenzisa isibonakhulu esinamandla amakhulu, esibizwa ngokuthi i-scanning electron microscope, ukuze babhekisise umngcele ophakathi kwe-anode ne-electrolyte.Babone izikhala ezincane nezimbobo kusampula ezingenasendlalelo sensimbi, bephawula ukuthi lawa maphutha cishe ayizindawo zokukhula kwama-dendrites.Womabili amabhethri anezendlalelo ze-aluminium ne-tungsten abukeka ebushelelezi futhi eqhubekayo.

Esivivinyweni sokuqala, amandla kagesi angashintshi ajikeleziswa ebhethrini ngalinye amahora angama-24.Ibhethri elingenaso isendlalelo se-metallic elifinyeziwe futhi lehlulekile phakathi namahora angu-9 okuqala, okungenzeka ngenxa yokukhula kwe-dendrite.Alikho ibhethri eline-aluminium noma i-tungsten elihlulekile kulokhu kuhlolwa kokuqala.

Ukuze kutholwe ukuthi isiphi isendlalelo sensimbi ebesingcono ekumiseni ukukhula kwe-dendrite, kwenziwa olunye ucwaningo kumasampuli nje we-aluminium nesendlalelo se-tungsten.Kulesi sivivinyo, amabhethri ajikeleziswa ngokunyuka kokuminyana kwamanje, kusukela okwamanje asetshenziswe ekuhlolweni kwangaphambilini futhi anda ngenani elincane esinyathelweni ngasinye.

Ukuminyana kwamanje lapho ibhethri ifinyezwa khona kukholakala ukuthi iwukuminyana okubalulekile kwamanje ekukhuleni kwe-dendrite.Ibhethri elinesendlalelo se-aluminium lihlulekile izikhathi ezintathu zamanje, futhi ibhethri elinesendlalelo se-tungsten yehlulekile ngaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu kunamanje.Lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi i-tungsten isebenze kahle kakhulu kune-aluminium.

Futhi, ososayensi basebenzise isibonakhulu se-electron yokuskena ukuze bahlole umngcele phakathi kwe-anode ne-electrolyte.Babone ukuthi ama-voids aqala ukwakheka ongqimbeni lwensimbi ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zokuminyana okubalulekile kwamanje okukalwe ekuhlolweni kwangaphambilini.Kodwa-ke, ama-voids abengekho engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu yokuminyana okubalulekile kwamanje.Lokhu kuqinisekisile ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-void kuyaqhubeka nokukhula kwe-dendrite.

Ososayensi babe sebesebenzisa izibalo zekhompiyutha ukuze baqonde ukuthi i-lithium isebenzisana kanjani nalezi zinsimbi, besebenzisa esikwaziyo ngokuthi i-tungsten ne-aluminium zisabela kanjani ekushintsheni kwamandla nezinga lokushisa.Babonise ukuthi izendlalelo ze-aluminium ngempela zinamathuba aphezulu okuthuthukiswa kwe-voids lapho zihlangana ne-lithium.Ukusebenzisa lezi zibalo kuzokwenza kube lula ukukhetha olunye uhlobo lwensimbi ozoluhlola ngokuzayo.

Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuthi amabhethri e-electrolyte aqinile anokwethenjelwa kakhulu uma ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi lwengezwa phakathi kwe-electrolyte ne-anode.Ososayensi baphinde bakhombisa ukuthi ukukhetha insimbi eyodwa kunenye, kulokhu i-tungsten esikhundleni se-aluminium, kungenza amabhethri ahlale isikhathi eside.Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwalezi zinhlobo zamabhethri kuzozisondeza eduze nokushintsha amabhethri e-electrolyte ewuketshezi avutha kakhulu emakethe namuhla.